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Relative mRNA expression levels of PmHsc70 (a), PmHsp70a (b), and PmHsp70b (c) in response to heat treatment in ND, SD, and WD pupae of Pieris melete. The relative expression levels (Mean ± SE) are normalized to β-actin and 18S rRNA. Different letters above the bar indicate significant differences by ANOVA and hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).
