Table 1.
SLN encapsulating natural bioactive.
| SLNs Loaded with Natural Bioactive | Plant Source | Limitations of Free Drugs |
Advantages of Loaded Drug Molecules | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triptolide incorporated SLN | Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F | Poor water solubility and high toxicity, | Improved solubility, hyperemia, reduced toxicity, irritation to GIT, etc. | [33] |
| Puerarin-loaded SLN | Pueraria lobata (wild) Howe | Poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability | 3-folds increase in absorption and bioavailability improved tissue concentration in targeted organs (heart and brain) | [31,32] |
| Noscapine PEG conjugated SLN | Papaveraceae family | Shorter half-life, less efficacy to glioblastoma cells | Improved biological half-life, and anticancer efficacy in glioblastoma in vitro and in Swiss male albino mice induced with brain cancer. | [34] |
| Tetrandrine-loaded SLN | Stephania tetrandra S. Moore | Lesser bioavailability and drug release | Improved bioavailability, in vitro drug release, cellular uptake into human lens epithelial cell line (SRA 01/04) | [35] |
| Cantharidin-loaded SLN | Mylabris phalerata pallas or mylabris cicchorii linnaeus | Lesser bioavailability and drug release | Sustained drug release without a burst effect, improved bioavailability when administered orally in rats induced with gastric mucus membrane irritation. | [36] |
| Hydroxycitric acid-loaded SLN | Garcinia cambogia | Low bioavailability | Increased bioavailability tested on Wistar rat, anti-obesity medication | [37] |
| Ginkgo biloba leaf extract-loaded SLN | Ginkgo biloba | Low bioavailability | Improved oral bioavailability at a 5 mg/kg dose, causing blood coagulation at higher doses i.e., 50 mg/kg. | [38] |
| Aloe vera-loaded SLNs | Aloe vera | Cause irritation to the skin on multiple uses in some cases | Incorporated into sunscreen cream, SPF was found to be as per the marketed formulation. | [39] |
| Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) containing SLN | Zataria multiflora | Mosquito repellant properties at higher doses | Improved mosquito repellent activities, three times increase in protection time of nano-formulation compared to non-formulated essential oil | [40] |
| Witepsol-loaded SLNs | Cocoa butter | Lower stability | Suitable vehicle for herbal extracts, higher stability, and proper release profile in the intestine. | [41] |