Table 5.

Liposomes containing herbal bioactives.

Liposomes of Herbal Compounds	Plant Source	Limitations of Free Drugs	Results	Reference
Baicalin-loaded liposomes	Root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)	Low water solubility and drug release	Improved solubility, sustained release, enhanced drug concentration in brain tissue after i.v. administration in rats	[95]
Polydatin-loaded liposomes	Root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb	Poorer solubility and bioavailability	Enhanced oral bioavailability, improved solubility, and sustained release in vitro.	[96]
Paclitaxel-loaded/PEGylated/saturated PC-based liposomes	The bark of Taxus brevifolia or pacific yew	Low solubility and bioavailability	Improved bioavailability, solubility, biodistribution, and intracellular uptake.	[97,98]
Naringenin-loaded liposomes	Immature orange fruit and the peels of grapefruits)	Poorer solubility and bioavailability	Improved stability, solubility, bioavailability, and tissue distribution the sustained release both in vivo and in vitro after oral administration.	[99]
Sterols-loaded liposomes	Flammulina velutipes	Limited solubility and bioavailability	Improved water solubility, oral bioavailability, and tissue distribution in liver tumor-bearing Kunming mice.	[100]
Quercetin-loaded liposomes	Flavonoids	Reduced solubility and bioavailability	Improved water solubility, and oral bioavailability, used in wound healing	[101]
Curcumin-loaded liposomes	Curcuma longa	Low anticancer properties	Anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential	[102]
Curcumin-loaded thiolated polymer-coated liposomes	Curcuma longa	Low bioavailability	The improved therapeutic index of curcumin, Aphthous ulcer	[103]
Colchicine-loaded liposomes	Colchicum autumnal, gloriosa superba extract	Poorer drug release	The anti-gout drug, improved drug transport	[104]
Liposomal neem gel	Azadirachta indica leaves	Limited antibacterial spectrum	Enhanced anti-bacterial activities	[105]
Capsaicin liposomes	Genus capsicum	Low bioavailability	Enhanced bioavailability, treating neuropathic pain	[106]
Brucine liposomes	Nux vomica	Low bioavailability and showed side effects	Reduced side effects of brucine like violent seizures	[107]
Guggul liposomes	Commiphora Mukul.	Low bioavailability	Improved anti-inflammatory properties.	[108]
Asparagus racemosus liposomes	Asparagus racemosus	Low bioavailability	Improved anti-inflammatory properties.	[109]
Polygonum aviculare L. herba (PAH) extract entrapped liposomes quercetin-entrapped liposomes	Polygonum aviculare L.Quercetin	Low cell viability	Moderately efficient on cell viability while quercetin-loaded liposomes showed increased cell viability and provide better endothelial protection compared to free quercetin and PAH-loaded liposomes	[110]