Table 6.
Phytosomes containing herbal medicines.
| Phytosome | Plant Source | Limitations of Free Drugs | Results and Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded phytosome | Camellia sinensis | Low stability and bioavailability | Improved solubility and bioavailability. Physicochemical stability through organoleptic, water content, and physicochemical properties at various temperatures | [114] |
| Rutin-loaded phytosome | Citrus fruits | Low stability and poor drug release | Improved solubility, stability, releasing dynamics and bioavailability in vitro, good antioxidant agent | [115] |
| Soybean seed Phytosome-based thermogel | Glycine max L. | Low drug absorption and solubility | Improved absorption, instability, insolubility, and fast releasing. A clear reduction in body weight, adipose tissue weight, studied in vivo. | [116] |
| Gingerol-loaded phytosome | Zingiber officinale | Poor stability and drug absorption | Improved stability, oral absorption, bioavailability, sustained release, showing potent antioxidant, antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli), and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. | [117] |
| Butea monosperma flower extract-loaded phytosome | Butea monosperma | Poor water solubility and bioavailability | Improved solubility, bioavailability, stability, and release dissolution pattern and showed significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro using the DPPH model. | [118] |
| Swertia perennis L.-loaded phytosome | Swertia perennis L. | Poor drug release profile. | Improved entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of embedded phytomedicine. | [119] |
| Aloe Vera extract-loaded phytosome | Aloe Vera | Limited anticancer activity | Inhibitory effect on the growth of the MCF-7 cancer cell line, enhanced oral delivery of aloe vera, making its use in cancer therapy. | [120] |
| Morinda lucida extract-loaded phytosome | Morinda lucida | Limited antimicrobial activities | In vivo, anti-plasmodium studies confirmed a higher anti-malarial effect comparable/similar to the standard drug (artesunate). | [121] |
| Aqueous extract of stem bark and lecithin of Tecomella undulata-loaded phytosome | Tecomella undulata | Poor drug release profile and bioavailability | Good entrapment efficiency and drug release in nano sizes (up to 90%), improved bioavailability without resorting to any pharmacological adjuvant or structural modification of the ingredients. | [122] |