Table 7.

Ethosomes incorporated with herbal medicines.

Herbal Drug-Loaded Ethosomes	Plant Source	Limitations of Free Drugs	Results and Outcomes	References
Apigenin-loaded ethosomes	From many fruits and vegetables such as chamomile	Low bioavailability	The strong anti-inflammatory activity caused by ultraviolet B light exposure after topical application	[125]
Berberis aristata extract-loaded ethosomal gel	Berberis aristata	Lesser drug penetration and bioavailability	Enhanced permeation profile and transdermal delivery of the extract provide a better approach for dermatological disorders	[126]
Cryptotanshinone-loaded ethosomal gel	Salvia miltiorrhiza	Lesser drug penetration and bioavailability	Enhanced transdermal flux, skin permeation, and deposition on pigskin in vitro. Improved anti-acne activity with reduced skin irritation in the ear of rabbit model associated with ethosomal gel.	[127]
Colchicine trans ethosomal gel	From dried corns and seeds of plants of the genus Colchicum	Poor stability, solubility drug release bioavailability	Improved stability, solubility, sustained release, bioavailability, and skin diffusion in vitro.Enhanced drug accretion, tissue biodistribution, and skin permeation in an ex vivo using Sprague Dawley rats’ back skin	[123]
Piperine-loaded ethosomes	Piper nigrum	Lesser drug penetration and bioavailability	Ethosomal cream showed higher deposition in skin layers, non-toxic to HaCat cell lines, and novel drug carrier for management of atopic dermatitis.	[128]
Achillea millefolium L.-loaded ethosomes	Achillea millefolium L.	Limited free radical scavenging activities and drug release	Enhanced free radical scavenging activities by about 88%, improved drug release by about 79.8%	[129]
Sambucus nigra L. Extract-loaded ethosomes	Sambucus nigra L.	Cause skin irritation	Possessed collagenase inhibition activity, excellent skin compatibility, recognized as a potent cosmeceutical ingredient	[130]