2-D echo	two-dimensional echocardiography
2DLVEF	left ventricular ejection fraction using two-dimensional echocardiography
ANOVA	analysis of variance
AT	anaerobic threshold
CAD	coronary artery disease
CAT	COPD Assessment Test
CHF	chronic heart failure
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPETs	cardiopulmonary exercise tests
CV	cardiovascular
D	decreasing
Δ	change
DLCO	diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide
EKG	electrocardiograms
FPRV	first-pass radionuclide ventriculography
HFrEF/HFmrEF	heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction
HRs	hazard ratios
HR	heart rate
hs-CRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
I	increasing
LABA/LAMA	long-acting beta bronchodilators/muscarinic antagonists
mMRC	modified Medical Research Council
LVEF	the ejection fraction of left ventricles
NM	nuclear medicine
NT pro-BNP	N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
NYHAfc	New York Heart Association functional class
OB	oscillatory breathing
OCD	oxygen-cost diagram
O2P	oxygen pulse value
O2PCP	oxygen pulse curve pattern
P	plateau
PPPY	per person per year
RV	residual volume
RVEF	the ejection fraction of right ventricles
SAECOPD	severe acute exacerbation of COPD
SDS	summed difference score
SPECT	gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography
SPO2	arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation measured by pulse oximetry
SRS	summed rest scores
SSS	summed stress score
V’CO2	CO2 output
TLC	total lung capacity
V’E	minute ventilation
V’O2	oxygen uptake
VT	tidal volume
WR	work rate