Table 1.
The summary of differences in the placental GLUTs mRNA and protein expression in pregnant patients with diabetes and heathy control individuals.
| Clinical Characteristics, Number of Study Participants |
Analyzed Parameter | Main Findings | First Author; Year; [Reference] |
|---|---|---|---|
| PGDM + GDM, 10 patients with diabetes (5 IDDM, 2 NIDDM, 3 GDM) vs. 9 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT3 mRNA |
No difference No difference |
Sciullo; 1997; [62] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 6 PGDM vs. 7 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference Increased |
Gaither; 1999; [56] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 7 White’s class D vs. 21 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference Increased |
Jansson; 1999; [119] |
| PGDM + GDM, 12 IDDM (6 PGDM, 6 GDMA2) vs. 25 controls |
GLUT4 protein GLUT9 protein |
Increased Increased |
Stanirowski; 2017; [120] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 6 PGDM vs. 25 controls |
GLUT1 protein | Increased | Stanirowski; 2017; [120] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 14 T1D, class B vs. 19 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference Increased |
Borges; 2019; [92] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 20 PGDM vs. 23 controls and 60 GDM |
GLUT1 protein GLUT3 protein GLUT8 protein GLUT12 protein |
Increased No difference No difference No difference |
Stanirowski; 2021; [82] |
| Pregestational diabetes, 9 T2D vs. 9 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT4 protein |
No difference Increased Decreased |
Castillo-Castrejon; 2021; [121] |
| Gestational diabetes, 7 GDMA2 vs. 12 controls |
GLUT4 mRNA GLUT4 protein |
No difference No difference |
Xing; 1998; [75] |
| Gestational diabetes, 16 GDM vs. 7 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference Increased |
Gaither; 1999; [56] |
| Gestational diabetes, 18 GDM vs. 32 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference No difference |
Jansson; 1999; [122] |
| Gestational diabetes, 6 GDMA2 vs. 7 controls (non-obese) |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein GLUT4 mRNA GLUT4 protein |
No difference Increased Decreased Decreased |
Colomiere; 2009; [123] |
| Gestational diabetes, 6 GDMA2 vs. 7 controls (obese) |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein GLUT4 mRNA GLUT4 protein |
No difference No difference Decreased No difference |
Colomiere; 2009; [123] |
| Gestational diabetes, 20 GDM vs. 18 controls |
GLUT4 mRNA |
No difference | Kuzmicki; 2011; [78] |
| Gestational diabetes, 19 GDM vs. 19 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT3 mRNA GLUT4 mRNA |
No difference Increased Increased |
Dekker; 2014; [124] |
| Gestational diabetes, 36 GDM vs. 40 controls |
GLUT3 mRNA | Increased |
Rong; 2015; [125] |
| Gestational diabetes, 10 GDM vs. 10 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein GLUT3 mRNA GLUT3 protein GLUT4 mRNA GLUT4 protein |
No difference No difference No difference Decreased Decreased Decreased |
Zhang; 2016; [126] |
| Gestational diabetes, 6 GDMA2 vs. 6 GDMA1 vs. 6 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein |
Increased in GDMA2 Increased in GDMA2 |
Muralimanoharan; 2016; [127] |
| Gestational diabetes, 26 GDM vs. 13 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein |
Increased Increased |
Yao; 2017; [128] |
| Gestational diabetes, 24 GDMA2 vs. 19 controls |
MVM GLUT1 protein BM GLUT1 protein |
No difference Increased |
Borges; 2019; [92] |
| Gestational diabetes, 31 GDM vs. 20 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein GLUT4 mRNA GLUT4 protein GLUT9 mRNA GLUT9 protein |
No difference Increased No difference No difference No difference No difference |
Song; 2021; [91] |
| Gestational diabetes, 20 GDM vs. 20 controls |
GLUT1 mRNA GLUT1 protein GLUT4 protein |
Increased Increased No difference |
Balachandiran; 2021; [47] |
| Gestational diabetes, 60 GDM vs. 23 controls |
GLUT1 protein GLUT3 protein GLUT8 protein GLUT12 protein |
No difference No difference No difference No difference |
Stanirowski; 2021; [82] |
Abbreviations: BM—basal plasma membrane, GDM—gestational diabetes mellitus, GLUT—glucose transporter, IDDM—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, MVM—microvillous plasma membrane, PGDM—pregestational diabetes mellitus, T1D—type 1 diabetes, T2D—type 2 diabetes.