Table 1.
Studies on the application of CaCO3-based carriers in drug delivery.
| Particles | Loading Method | Particle Size | Loaded Drug | Loading Efficiency |
Release Mechanism and Major Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaCO3 | Physical adsorption |
400–600 nm | Rh6G/TD4 [70]; photosens [71,72,73]; porphyrazine [74] | 0.8–15.7% | Phase-induced release; sustained release effect; pH dependent |
| 0.8–5 μm | Alkaline phosphatase [75]; guanine kinase [76]; doxorubicin (DOX) [77,78]; catalase [79] | ||||
| 20 and 80 nm | μRNA [80]; cisplatin [81] | ||||
| 17.9 μm | Ibuprofen; losartan potassium; metronidazole benzoate; nifedipine [82] | 25–50% | Surface effects and diffusion | ||
| Co-precipitation | 113 nm | Catalase [79]; gentamicin [83] | 20% | pH dependent; minimum inhibitory |
|
| Microcapsules (CaCO3 template) |
Physical adsorption |
2–3 μm | DQ−ovalbumine [84] | Good encapsulation effect and activity protection | |
| Lactoferrin [85] | |||||
| Heparin/CaCO3/CaP | 112–384 μm | DOX [86] | 1.4–1.9% | Concentration gradient; diffusion driving force; pH dependent; sustainable release |
|
| Cellulose-based CaCO3 | 2–3.5 μm | Lovastatin (LOV) [87] | 12.5% | ||
| Protamine sulfate and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate)/CaCO3 | 5 μm | Ibuprofen [88] | 4.5% | ||
| Cyclodextrin/CaCO3 | 4–6 µm | 5-Fluorouracil; Na-L-thyroxine [89] | |||
| ACC/poly(acrylic acid) | Co-precipitation | 62 nm | DOX [90] | >9% | |
| Mucin/CaCO3 | 5.8 μm | DOX; aprotinin; insulin [91] | 13%, 10%, 80% | Mucin content dependent; phase-induced release |