Table 2.
Alg-based hydrogels prepared by ionic and covalent crosslinking, their properties, and applications.
| Materials | Active Ingredient | Properties | Applications | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ionic crosslinking |
Alg + CaCl2 | Extracellular vesicles/ Dexamethasone/Whey protein/Bovine serum albumin |
High encapsulation rate, sustained releasee, high plasticity | Enhances cardiac function and drug bioavailability; oral tissue reparation | [140,141,142,143] |
| Alg + CS + SrCl2 | Chondroitin sulfate | Lower water retention capacity | Facilitate proliferation of osteoblasts; modulate osteogenic factors | [144] | |
| Alg + Ag | Silver nanoparticles, BSA, tannic acid | Remote release, sensorics function, antibacterial properties | Oral delivery | [145,146] | |
| Alg + Pectin + CaCl2 | Simvastatin | Sustained release | Promote angiogenesis, collagen synthesis and wound healing | [147] | |
| Alg + CaCO3 + D-Gluconic acid δ-lactone |
Hyaluronic acid | Biocompatibility | Wound healing | [141] | |
| Covalent crosslinking | Alg-Poloxamer + Silk fibroin | Porous, thermosensitive, strong mechanical feature |
Cartilage tissue engineering. | [148] | |
| Alg + Chitosan + Gelatin | Tetracycline hydrochloride | Biodegradable | Antibacterial; wound healing | [149] | |
| Alg + Chitosan | Deferoxamine; BSA |
Sustained release biodegradable, high mechanical properties | Delivery system; soft tissue engineering |
[150,151,152] | |
| Alg + Sericin | Naproxen | Higher loading capacity and stability, sustainable release | Drug delivery | [153] | |
| Alg-norbornene Alg-furfuryl amine |
Doxorubicin | Tunable porosity | Controlled drug release | [148] | |
| Alg | - | High toughness and electric conductivity | Antiseptic | [154] |