Table 6.
Summary of comparison of CaCO3, Alg, CaCO3/Alg carriers.
| CaCO3 (ACC and Vaterite) | Alg | CaCO3/Alg | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alg-Hs | Hollow Capsules | Alg Coated on CaCO3 | CaCO3 Embedded in Alg | ||
| Method | Facile, low-cost, eco-friendly, efficient, accessible | Facile, diverse, malleable, accessible | Facile, low-cost, eco-friendly, efficient, diverse, accessible |
||
| Size | About 30 nm [90]–20 um [42] | Nano to millimeter [271] | Determined by matrix | Determined by CaCO3 | Determined by Alg |
| Shape | Spherical and elliptical [33] | Inconstant | |||
| Mechanism properties | Relatively high strength | Determined by the ratio of M/G [29], softer than CaCO3 | Harder than pure Alg | ||
| Loading capacity | Large molecules: up to 25% [83] Small molecules: up to 80% [91] |
Relatively lower than CaCO3 [195] | Higher than CaCO3 and Alg, high encapsulation efficiency (up to 90%) [272] | ||
| Release | pH dependent [93] | Interface and concentration dependent [195] | Synergistic effect; sustaining release [115] | ||
| Application | Diverse drug delivery system; tissue engineering [273] | Diverse drug delivery system, wound healing, tissue engineering [29] | Diverse drug delivery system, tissue engineering, wound healing, bone regeneration [274,275,276,277,278,279,280] | ||