Skip to main content
. 2022 Apr 22;20(5):279. doi: 10.3390/md20050279

Table 4.

An updated summary of anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-obesity potentials of fucoxanthin: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Experimental Model
(In Vitro/In Vivo)		 Treatment
(Dose, Route and Duration)		 Major Outcomes Reference
Double-blind placebo-controlled study in mild obese Japanese subjects 1 or 3 mg daily, orally for 4 weeks ↓ relative body weight and BMI and visceral;
↓ fat area and mass		 [15]
Fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in FL83B cells 3–100 μM (purity ≥ 95%) in DMSO, Post-treatment for 24 h ↓ lipid accumulation, lipid peroxidation;
↓ PPARγ and SREBP-1c;
↑ CPT-1 and PPAR-a;
↑ Sirt1 and AMPK		 [16]
Hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice 0.2–0.4%/day (purity ≥ 98%) extracted from Laminaria japonica, orally for 6 weeks;
0.02% metformin as positive control		 ↓ plasma insulin and HOMA-IR;
↓ TG and TC levels;
↓ Glucokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate;
Carboxykinase;
↑ Glycogen and GLUT4;
↓ GSK3β;
↑ IRS-1, PI3K, p-Akt and p-AMPK		 [66]
High-fed diet mice intestine 125 mg/kg b.w. (purity ≥ 95%) extracted from undaria pinnatifida, orally for 4 weeks Modulation of gut microbiota to exert anti-obesity effects [64]
HFD-induced obesity mice 100–300 mg/kg b.w., orally for 26 days ↑ Cpt1; Ucp1;
↓ Mest;
↓ body weight gain;
↓ fat content;
↓ weight of white adipose tissue depots and size 		[61]
3T3-L1 cells 10–40 μM extracted from Phaeodactylum in DMSO, treatment for 6 days ↓ lipid accumulation;
↓ C/EBPα, PPARγ and UCP1		 [62]
High-fat diet-induced mice 0.1 mg/kg b.w. extracted from Phaeodactylum in DW water, orally for 6 weeks ↓ TG level;
↓ lipid droplet numbers and fat globule size
↓ C/EBPα, PPARγ and UCP1
HFD-fed obese mice 50–100 mg/100 g diet (purity ≥ 93%) extracted from Undaria pinnatifida, orally for 12 weeks ↓ body weight gain
↑ HDL-cholesterol level
↓ hepatic steatosis and adipocyte size
↓ IL-6 and TNF-α levels		 [17]
HFD-induced obese mice 0.2–0.4% of daily diet, orally for 6 weeks ↓ body weight, TC, TG, LDL-C and HOMA-IR;
↑ HDL-C;
↑ p-IRS-1, IRS-1, PI3 K and p-Akt		 [65]
HFD-fed obese mice 0.5 mg/kg b.w. (purity ≥ 95%) extracted from Padina tetrastromatica, orally for 5 weeks; orlistat 20 mg/kg as positive control ↓ body weight, TC, TG;
↑ SOD, CAT and GPx;
↑ Akt and UCP-1
↓ p-Akt, p38 and PPAR-γ		 [63]

↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.