Table 6.
An updated summary of cardioprotective activities of fucoxanthin: In vitro and in vivo studies.
| Experimental Model (In Vitro/In Vivo) |
Treatment (Dose, Route and Duration) |
Major Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aging C57BL mice | 250–500 mg/kg b.w., orally for 28 days | ↓ SOS1 and GRB2; ↓ ROS; ↑ GSK3β, CREB and IRS1 |
[72] |
| Doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction mice | 125–500 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneally for 4 days | ↓ AST, LDH and CKMB | [21] |
| Doxorubicin-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | 50 µM in ddH2O, pre-treatment for 24 h | ↓ ROS; ↓ Bax, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 and p-p53; ↑ GSH and Bcl-2 |
|
| Isoprenaline hydrochloride- induced myocardial infarction rats | 50 mg/kg b.w. (purity ≥ 95%), orally for 30 days | ↑ SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH; ↓ CKMB, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB |
[73] |
| H2O2-treated rat valve interstitial cells | 0.01–5 mg/mL in ddH2O, pre-treatment for 24 h | ↓ c-PARP, Caspase 3 and Bax; ↑ Bcl-2; ↓ ROS and Akt/p-Akt |
[70] |
↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.