Table 7.
An updated summary of hepatoprotective activities of fucoxanthin: In vitro and in vivo studies.
| Experimental Model (In Vitro/In Vivo) |
Treatment (Dose, Route and Duration) |
Major Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in FL83B hepatocytes | 3–100 μM (purity ≥ 95%) in DMSO, post-treatment for 24 h | ↓ Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; ↓ Fatty acid synthase expression, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ↑ Adipose triglyceride lipase and the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, p-AMPK |
[16] |
| AA+ iron-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells | 30 μM, pretreatment for 1 h | ↑ Autophagic markers (LC3II and beclin-1), AMPK activation; ↓ p-mTOR; ↑ p-ULK1 |
[75] |
| DEN-induced liver carcinoma rats | 50 mg/kg b.w., orally for 15 weeks | ↑ Body weight, serum albumin, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, GGT, serum bilirubin and stress markers |
[76] |
| Alcohol-induced liver injury mice | 10–40 mg/kg b.w. in alcohol, orally for 7 days; silibinin 80 mg/kg b.w. orally as positive control | ↑ T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT; ↓ MDA; ↑ ADH and ALDH; ↓ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN -γ; ↑ Nrf2 protein, NQO1, HO-1 and GCLM; ↓ MyD88, p-IκBα and p-NF-κBp65 |
[9] |
↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.