Table 12.
An updated summary of respiratory protective activities of fucoxanthin: In vitro and in vivo studies.
| Experimental Model (In Vitro/In Vivo) |
Treatment (Dose, Route and Duration) |
Major Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal polyps-derived fibroblast culture | 10–30 µM, treatment for 24 h; TGF-β1 as negative control | ↓ α-SMA and Col-1; ↓ collagen gel contraction; ↓ Smad-2/3 and SP-1 |
[25] |
| OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mice | N/A | ↓ ciliary loss, eosinophil infiltration and MDA; ↑ NF-κB p65; ↓ IκBα phosphorylation; ↓ IL-17A expression; ↓ IgE and histamine |
[95] |
| OVA-induced asthma mice | 50 mg/kg b.w., oral treatment | ↓ ROS; ↑ antioxidant enzyme activity; ↓inflammatory cytokine markers; |
[32] |
| Inflamed tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells | 3–30 μM (purity ≥ 95%) in DMSO, pre-treatment for 1 h; TNF-α/IL-4 as negative control | ↓ THP-1 cell adherence; ↓ pro-inflammatory cytokines, eotaxin and ROS |
[43] |
| OVA-sensitized mice | 10–30 mg/kg b.w. (purity ≥ 95%) in DMSO, intraperitoneally for every 3 days from day 14 to 27; prednisolone as positive control | ↓ AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration; ↓ Th2 cytokine production |
↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.