Figure 3.

(A) The fabrication of Ti6Al7Nb/LBL/NP for suppressing the growth of osteoclasts and promoting local osseointegration. Adapted with permission from Ref. [120]. Copyright 2016, Royal society of chemistry; (B) MLT-Z coating could continue to release ZA. The release of ZA could promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in vitro, but also enhance osseointegration in vivo. Adapted with permission from Ref. [125]. Copyright 2018, American scientific publishers; (C) schematic illustration of the fabrication process of TH/PTI coating. The composite coating could enhance bone–implant integration by facilitating osteogenic differentiation and mitigating the proliferation of osteoclasts. Adapted with permission from Ref. [128]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (D) the preparation process diagram of SLA/CaCO₃/AIgR@DA and its potential mechanism of enhancing osteogenesis and anti-bone resorption. Adapted with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. Abbreviations: Chi: chitosan; Gel: gelatin; PEI: polyethylenimine; ZA: zoledronic acid; MLT-Z: ZA-loaded mesoporous TiO₂ layer; OVX: ovariectomized.