Fig. 5.

a Measurement setup of chronoamperometry and its corresponding sensing performance. a (i) Reprinted with permission from [144]. Copyright 2020 Springer Nature. a (ii) Reprinted with permission from [149]. Copyright 2021 American chemical society. b Measurement setup of cyclic voltammetry and its corresponding sensing performance. (i) Reprinted with permission from [150]. Copyright 2012 Wiley–VCH. (ii) Reprinted with permission from [151]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. c Measurement setup of potentiometry and its corresponding sensing performance. (i) Reprinted with permission from [152]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier. (ii) Reprinted with permission from [153]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier. d Measurement setup of conductometry and its corresponding sensing performance. (i) Reprinted with permission from [154]. Copyright 2021 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. (ii) Reprinted with permission from [155]. Copyright 2019 Springer Nature. e Measurement setup of EIS and its corresponding sensing performance. (i) Reprinted with permission from [156]. Copyright 2019 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. (ii) Reprinted with permission from [157]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier