Table 5.

Summary of the detection of various analytes by different sensing strategies in sweat

Analyte	Sensing material	Mechanism	Detection range	Detection limit	Ref
Glucose	CVD-grown graphene	Field effect	3.3–10.9 mM	3.3 mM	[189]
Glucose	Prussian blue/gold-doped graphene hybrid /GOx	Cyclic voltammetry/patch	10 µM ~ 0.7 mM	10 µM	[191]
Glucose	GOx/Pt-graphite biosensor	Chronoamperometry	0–0.9 mM	0.010 mM	[188]
Glucose	PtAuNP/rGO/CHIT/GOx	Amperometry/patch	0 ~ 2.4 mM	5 µM	[151]
Glucose	Amino-functionalized graphene paper/Cu3(btc)2 nanocubes	Electrochemical	0.05 ~ 1775.5 mM	5 µM	[151]
Glucose	Cellulose nanofiber/chitosan-graphene oxide	Colorimetry	0.1–3 mM	0.1 mM	[210]
Glucose	PANI/TEGO/PVA	Electrochemical	0.2 µM ~ 10 mM	0.2 µM	[190]
Lactate	Amino-functionalized graphene paper/Cu3(btc)2 nanocubes	Electrochemical	0.5 ~ 25 mM	5 µM	[193]
Lactate	SPE/PB/GO-Ch/GO-xf	Amperometry	1.0–50.0 mM	28 nM	[192]
Urea	Cellulose nanofiber/chitosan-graphene oxide	Colorimetry	30–180 mM	30 mM	[210]
Cortisol	Ti3C2x MXene/LBG/PDMS	Impedimetric immunosensor	0.01–100 nM	88 pM	[157]
Cytokine	Graphene-Nafion	Field effect	0.015–250 nM	740 fM	[194]
K+	Paper-based ion selective electrode/fluorinated alkyl silane/GO	Potentiometry	~ 6.5 mM	NM	[153]
Na+	Paper-based ion selective electrode/fluorinated alkyl silane /GO	Potentiometric	~ 49.5 mM	NM	[153]
Cl−	Paper-based ion selective electrode/fluorinated alkyl silane/GO	Potentiometric	~ 61.4 mM	NM	[153]
pH	Paper-based ion selective electrode/fluorinated alkyl silane /GO	Potentiometric	~ 6.91 mM	NM	[153]

NM not mentioned