Table 2.
Data abstraction from the included studies.
| Author | Year | Country | Participants | Intervention | Duration of Therapy | Outcome Evaluated FGS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective Study | ||||||
| Alexis C. Prince et al. | 2016 | United Kingdom | IBD patients with persistent FGS | Low FODMAP | 6 Weeks | Primary outcome was assessment of satisfactory relief of FGS measured using GSQ. Individual symptoms were assessed using the GSRS. |
| Richard B. Gearry et al. | 2008 | Australia | IBD patients with persistent abdominal symptoms | Low FODMAP | 3 Months | An arbitrary improvement of 5 or more on a custom gastrointestinal symptoms scale was used as a measure of unequivocal improvement for each symptom. |
| T. Joyce et al. | 2014 | United Kingdom | Patients with inactive IBD and FBD | Low FODMAP | 6 Weeks | Symptoms were measured using the GSQ and the GSRS. |
| Retrospective Study | ||||||
| Louise Maagaard et al. | 2016 | Denmark | Consecutive patients with IBD | Low FODMAP | 6–8 Weeks | Patient-reported effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet. Effectiveness was categorized as full, partial, or no effect. |
| Retrospective Study and Prospective Study | ||||||
| Catherine Croagh et al. | 2007 | Australia | IBD with colectomy and ileal pouch formation or ileorectal anastomosis | Low FODMAP | 6 Weeks | Patient-reported effectiveness of diet on symptoms. Effectiveness was categorized as improved, no change, or worse. |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | ||||||
| Natalia Pedersen et al. | 2017 | Denmark | IBD patients with a baseline IBS-SSS of at least 75 points | Low-FODMAP or normal habitual diet | 6 Weeks | Primary outcome was the number of patients achieving a 50-point reduction in IBS-SSS. |
| Giorgia Bodini et al. | 2019 | Italy | IBD patients in the remission phase or mild disease activity | Low-FODMAP or standard diet | 6 Weeks | Patients with a total IBD-Q score >170 were assessed as being in symptomatic remission. |
| Selina R. Cox et al. | 2020 | United Kingdom | Adult quiescent IBD patients with ongoing gut symptoms | Low-FODMAP or placebo sham diet | 4 Weeks | The global symptom question was used to assess adequate relief of FGS at end of trial. |
| Emma P. Halmos et al. | 2016 | Australia | Quiescent CD patients with stable therapy | Low or typical (Australian) FODMAP diets | 21 Days | The visual analog scale score was used to measure overall gastrointestinal symptoms. |
FGS: functional gastrointestinal symptoms; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; FBD: functional bowel disorders; GSQ: the global symptom question (Do you currently have satisfactory relief of your gut symptoms?); IBS-SSS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome–Symptom Severity System; IBD-Q: inflammatory bowel disease—quality of life; CD: Crohn’s disease.