Table 1.

Clinical parameters measured in urine and plasma samples on day 5 (a) and day 270 (b) and NU concentration in kidneys measured on day 270 after exposure. The number of rats for each measurement is indicated in parentheses. Results are significantly different for: * p ≤ 0.05; *** p ≤ 0.001.

	Experimental Groups (NU Doses)	Control (20)	NU 0.5 µg/kg (20)	NU 50 µg/kg (20)	NU 500 µg/kg (20)
	Time: Day 5
(a)	Body weight (g)	352.22 ± 4.94	363.63 ± 3.8	346.87 ± 4.78	345.75 ± 5.25
	Urine analysis
	Urine volume (g/24 h)	12.76 ± 0.78	13.97 ± 0.87	13.40 ± 0.73	23.34 ± 2.47 ***
	Chlorine (mmol)	4.27 ± 0.35	4.69 ± 0.30	3.90 ± 0.34	3.40 ± 0.36
	Creatinine (µmol)	97.26 ± 3.38	100.87 ± 2.01	96.32 ± 3.07	96.24 ± 3.81
	Magnesium (mmol)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.02 ***
	Phosphorus (mg)	0.52 ± 0.07	0.63 ± 0.06	0.57 ± 0.06	0.86 ± 0.07 ***
	Potassium (mmol)	2.94 ± 0.22	3.05 ± 0.18	2.63 ± 0.16	2.62 ± 0.18
	Sodium (mmol)	1.50 ± 0.08	1.62 ± 0.06	1.44 ± 0.08	1.48 ± 0.09
	Total proteins (mg)	0.007 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.05 ± 0.01 ***
	Urea (mmol)	13.49 ± 0.61	14.65 ± 0.45	13.31 ± 0.60	13.30 ± 0.51
		88.83 ± 3.79	93.45 ± 3.63	95.45 ± 4.80	44.90 ± 8.09 ***
	Time: Day 270
(b)	Uranium concentration in kidney (ng U/g)	10.15 ± 0.56	13.09 ± 1.05 *	12.84 ± 1.03 *	75.96 ± 14.64 ***
	Kidney weight (g)	1.93 ± 0.05	2.03 ± 0.06	1.86 ± 0.05	2.00 ± 0.05
	Body weight (g)	636.83 ± 10.89	653.13 ± 12.91	612.13 ± 12.84	658.00 ± 12.60
	Urine analysis
	Urine volume (g/24 h)	11.60 ± 0.75	10.86 ± 0.62	11.00 ± 0.50	13.59 ± 1.30
	Albumin (mg)	4.16 ± 0.90	4.82 ± 0.84	4.12 ± 0.81	6.63 ± 1.14
	Chlorine (mmol)	2.96 ± 0.19	2.96 ± 0.16	2.70 ± 0.19	2.93 ± 0.17
	Creatinine (µmol)	115.36 ± 4.96	120.35 ± 3.31	114.88 ± 3.11	127.41 ± 3.50
	Glucose (mmol)	15.75 ± 0.86	15.57 ± 0.49	14.96 ± 0.51	18.50 ± 1.93
	Magnesium (mmol)	0.18 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01
	Potassium (mmol)	1.57 ± 0.11	1.60 ± 0.09	1.50 ± 0.05	1.73 ± 0.10
	Sodium (mmol)	1.08 ± 0.09	1.01 ± 0.07	0.93 ± 0.05	1.00 ± 0.07
	Total proteins (mg)	58.06 ± 17.85	80.82 ± 24.73	51.38 ± 14.45	46.79 ± 10.04
	Urea (mmol)	11.53 ± 0.56	11.73 ± 0.40	11.27 ± 0.35	12.38 ± 0.49
	Uric acid (µmol)	19.39 ± 1.06	19.85 ± 0.80	19.70 ± 0.91	22.53 ± 0.86 *
	Clearance (mL/min)	1.62 ± 0.11	1.76 ± 0.11	1.75 ± 0.10	1.83 ± 0.134
	Plasma analysis
	Creatinine (µmol)	48.74 ± 1.46	47.47 ± 1.57	46.09 ± 1.93	48.82 ± 1.79
	Urea (mmol)	4.71 ± 0.16	4.89 ± 0.24	4.71 ± 0.14	4.96 ± 0.13