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. 2022 May 9;12(5):504. doi: 10.3390/membranes12050504

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The mechanism of pH response for PANI and PANI derivates (X = H, CH3, C2H5 or C3H7) illustrating the protonation and deprotonation of the half–oxidized emeraldine–base (EB) and half-oxidized emeraldine salt (ES) forms. Reprinted with permission from [43], Copyright (2002) Elsevier.