Table 1.

Comparison of analytical characteristics of wearable PANI, HIs and MO_x pH sensors and sensors based on other materials.

Materials	pH Range	Sensitivity (mV/pH)	RSD (%)	Response Time	On-Body Test	Ref.
PANI	3–7	−57.5 ± 3.3	5.7	10–25 s	50 min	[54]
PANI	4–8	−60.6 ± 1.8	3.0	–	–	[70]
PANI	2–12	−58.2	–	<10 s	–	[71]
PANI	3–8	−63.3 ± 1.5	2.3	–	30 min	[72]
PANI	4–8	−54.4 ± 1.9	3.5	<1 s	30 min	[22]
PANI	4–8	−56.2	–	–	30 min	[73]
PANI	4–8	−58.5 ± 0.7	1.2	<20 s	–	[74]
PANI	4–10	−50	–	~12 s	–	[69]
PANI	3–8	−59.6	–	<30 s	Chicken skin	[75]
HIs (I)	3–11	−59.2 ± 3.0	<5	5 s	–	[28]
HIs (I)	6.4–7.4	−51.8	–	–	–	[46]
HIs (I)	4–7.5	−56.0 ± 0.6	1.0	–	1 h	[79]
HIs (I)	4–8	−58.2 ± 0.6	1.1	–	30 min	[80]
IrOx	1.5–12	−51.1 to –51.7	–	2 s	–	[52]
IrOx	4–9	−69.9 ± 2.2	3.1	0.5 s	Rabbit and donated human hearts	[37]
IrOx	2–10	−61 ± 1	1.6	–	–	[110]
IrOx	–	−71.9 ± 0.8	1.1	–	>40 min	[111]
IrOx	4–9 or 2–10	−65 to −75	–	<2 s	–	[114]
ITO	2–12	−50.1 ± 4.1	8.2	–	–	[112]
ZnO	1–9	−59	–	–	–	[97]
IZO	4–10	−105	–	–	–	[51]
InGaZnO	3.3–11	−51.2	–	–	~20 min	[113]
WO3	5–9	−56.7 ± 1.3	2.3	23–28 s	–	[93]
HxWO3	2–8	−53.6 ± 1.6	3.0	<10.5 s	~20 min	[109]
SWCNTs	3–11	−59.7 ± 1.5	2.5	–	–	[47]
CCD	2.8–11.2	−240	–	–	100 s	[115]
TA-RGO	1–10	−52.4 ± 0.7	1.3	–	20 min	[116]