Figure 1.

iFm (uFm and cFm) and iGm (uGm and cGm) caused depression and colitis in mice. (A) Experimental procedure. (B) Effects on depressive behaviors in the EMPT (a), LDTT (b), TST (c), and FST (d). (C) Effects on blood corticosterone (a), IL-1β (b), IL-6 (c), IL-10 (d), and LPS levels (e). (D) Effects on colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a), IL-1β (b), IL-6 (c), and IL-10 levels (d). (E) Effects on fecal LPS level. Normal control (NC) was treated with saline instead of iFm or iGm. uFm, cFm, uGm, and cGm (1 × 10⁹ CFU/mouse) were orally given daily for 5 days. Groups with same letters are not significantly different (n = 10, p < 0.05).