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. 2022 May 16;14(10):2080. doi: 10.3390/nu14102080

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of hGm and iGm on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in primary macrophages. Effects on IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and IL-10 expression (c). Effects on the expression ratios of IL-1β to IL-10 (d) and IL-6 to IL10 (e). Normal control (NC) was treated with saline instead of hGm or iGm. Test agents (hGm, 1 × 105 CFU/mL of the gut microbiota culture of healthy volunteers; uGm, 1 × 105 CFU/mL of the gut microbiota culture of UC patients with depression; cGm, 1 × 105 CFU/mL of the gut microbiota culture of CD patients with depression) were treated in macrophages for 20 h. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM (n = 4). Groups with same letters are not significantly different (p < 0.05).