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. 2022 May 18;10(5):258. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050258

Table 2.

Mixed effects regression analysis according to analytical method, use of nose clip, smoking status, and age category.

Parameters β Coefficient [95% Conf. Interval] P > |t|
Analytical method
HPLCfluo/TBA (n = 9) reference
Spectro/TBA (n = 2) 0.30 [−0.902; 1.49] 0.59
MS/DNPH (n = 9) −1.03 [−2.02; 0.032] 0.04
HPLCfluo/NA (n = 2) 1.26 [−0.079; 2.6] 0.06
Factor-specific Wald test 0.04
Use of nose clip
Yes (n = 9) reference
No (n = 8) 0.64 [−0.52; 1.81] 0.25
NA/other (n = 5) 1.14 [0.32; 1.96] 0.01
Factor-specific Wald test 0.04
Smoking habit
Non-smokers (n = 11) reference
Mixed population (n = 3) −0.71 [−1.70; 0.28] 0.14
Smokers (n = 5) 0.8 [0.08; 1.51] 0.03
NA (n = 3) 0.37 [−0.57; 1.31] 0.4
Factor-specific Wald test 0.04
Mean age (years)
<30 (n = 4) reference
30–<40 (n = 8) 0.88 [−0.014; 1.77] 0.05
40–<50 (n = 3) 0.82 [−0.51; 2.16] 0.2
≥50 (n = 7) 1.21 [0.09; 2.33] 0.04
Factor-specific Wald test 0.15
Intercept −1.15 [−2.07; −0.22] 0.02

HPLCfluo/TBA—high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence/thiobarbituric acid; spectro/TBA—spectrophotometry/thiobarbituric acid; MS—mass spectroscopy; NA—information not available.