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. 2022 Apr 27;14(5):945. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050945

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Inhibition of SREBP-1 expression by TA3 was independent of Akt and Gsk3β regulation. (a) The regulation of AMPK, Akt, Gsk3β, and mTOR expression on BxPC-3 cells treated with TA3 for 12 h. (b) Immunoblotting results are presented in the bar graph as fold changes compared with that of the control as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (c–f) Activation of proteins was induced by insulin and compared with/without TA3 treatment. After 12 h, extracted proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting, and the expressions of proteins were observed using (c) Akt and GSK3β antibodies. (d) The expressions of SREBP-1 and (e) their downstream target proteins, including FASN and ACC, were examined via immunoblotting analysis. (f) The apoptosis and proliferation-related protein expression levels were identified using immunoblotting. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. control, and # p < 0.05 vs. INS (1 µg/mL)).