Table 4.
Baseline characteristics according to PRAL score in the WHEL study (n = 2960).
| PRAL Score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | p-Value | |
| <−19.49 | −19.49< to <−6.94 | −6.94< to <3.22 | ≥3.22 | ||
| n = 434 | n = 782 | n = 881 | n = 863 | ||
| Insomnia a | 6 (3, 10) | 7 (4, 11) | 7 (4, 11) | 7 (4, 11) | 0.002 |
| Normal Weight, N (%) | 259 (20.4) | 393 (30.9) | 338 (26.6) | 283 (22.2) | <0.0001 |
| Stage at Diagnosis | |||||
| I, N (%) | 171 (14.9) | 298 (26.0) | 335 (29.3) | 341 (29.8) | 0.58 |
| II, N (%) | 241 (14.5) | 450 (27.0) | 506 (30.4) | 469 (28.2) | |
| III, N (%) | 22 (14.8) | 34 (22.8) | 40 (26.9) | 53 (35.6) | |
| ER+/PR+, N (%) | 271 (14.7) | 492 (26.8) | 566 (30.8) | 509 (27.7) | 0.0001 |
| Post-Menopause, N (%) | 369 (15.7) | 644 (27.4) | 700 (29.8) | 639 (27.2) | 0.0001 |
| Chemotherapy, N (%) | 287 (13.9) | 515 (25.0) | 631 (30.6) | 630 (30.5) | 0.02 |
| Radiation, N (%) | 267 (14.7) | 494 (27.2) | 521 (28.7) | 534 (29.4) | 0.46 |
| Smoking Status | |||||
| Never, N (%) | 230 (14.4) | 419 (26.3) | 476 (29.9) | 469 (29.4) | 0.27 |
| Past, N (%) | 194 (15.8) | 326 (26.5) | 364 (29.6) | 348 (28.3) | |
| Current, N (%) | 10 (7.5) | 37 (27.6) | 41 (30.6) | 46 (34.3) | |
| Alcohol Abstainer, N (%) | 143 (15.4) | 234 (25.2) | 282 (30.3) | 271 (29.1) | 0.70 |
| Education College or Greater, N (%) | 283 (17.7) | 452 (28.3) | 470 (29.4) | 394 (24.6) | <0.0001 |
a Continuous variables are presented as median (inter-quartile range). To test statistical significance among three groups of women with different PRAL scores, we used ANONVA for a continuous variable (variables labeled with a, such as insomnia) and chi-squared test for a categorical variable (variables not labeled with a, such as education). Abbreviations: WHEL study: the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study, ER: estrogen receptor-positive, PR: progesterone receptor-positive, PRAL potential renal acid load.