Table 1.
Anthropometric data, eating behavior and metabolic profile of the study cohort (n = 23).
| Good Responder n = 11 |
Bad Responder n = 12 |
Good Responder vs. Bad Responder |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Sex (female/male)—n (%) | 7 (64)/4 (36) | 9 (75)/3 (25) | |||
| Smokers—n (%) | 4 (36) | 2 (17) | |||
| Diabetic—n (%) Before surgery (reported/A1c > 6.5%) After surgery (reported/A1c > 6.5%) |
4 (36)/4 (36) 2 (18)/1 (9) |
6 (50)/3 (25) 4 (33)/(3 (25) |
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| mean/median * | SD/IQR * | mean/median | SD/IQR | p-value | |
| Education Years—yr | 13 | 13–15.5 | 13 | 13––13 | 0.26 |
| Age at test date—yr | 52.9 | ± 9.5 | 54.1 | ± 10.6 | 0.78 |
| Time after surgery—yr | 4.3 | ± 1.2 | 4.6 | ± 1.5 | 0.60 |
| Excess Weight Loss (EWL) at test date—% | 93.0 | ± 4.3 | 19.5 | ± 13.3 | <0 .0001 |
| Body weight—kg Before surgery Nadir At test date Change from baseline |
133.4 69.9 76.6 −56.8 |
± 22.4 ± 5.8 ± 7.6 ± 18.6 |
145.7 110.4 130.3 −15.5 |
± 19.5 ± 15.9 ± 17.6 ± 10.9 |
0.17 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 |
| BMI—kg/m2 Before surgery Nadir At test date Change from baseline |
46.5 24.4 26.6 −19.8 |
± 7.5 ± 1.8 ± 1.2 ± 6.7 |
52.7 39.9 47.2 −5.5 |
± 6.6 ± 4.4 ± 6.4 ± 3.9 |
0.04 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 |
| Questionnaire Scores at test date | |||||
| Fat and Sugar Intake (DFS-Q All) Fat Sugar Fat and Sugar |
50 23 9.8 16.3 |
± 10 ± 3.9 ± 3.4 ± 4.7 |
47 24 10.7 12.8 |
± 6.1 ± 4.6 ± 4.0 ± 4.3 |
0.43 0.71 0.59 0.09 |
| Emotional Eating (DEB-Q-EE) | 1.5 | 1.0–2.2 | 2.0 | 1.1–2.9 | 0.54 |
| Chronic Stress (TICS) | 14 | 10–19 | 15 | 7.3–18 | 0.91 |
| Metabolic Profile | |||||
| Alanine transaminase—μkat/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
0.42 0.40 −0.05 |
0.33–0.92 0.29–0.47 −0.49 to 0.03 |
0.56 0.34 −0.2 |
0.38–1.1 0.31–0.66 −0.64 to −0.02 |
0.48 0.76 0.28 |
| γ-glutamyl transferase—μkat/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
0.40 0.21 −0.17 |
0.28–0.70 0.13–0.42 −0.33 to −0.1 |
0.53 0.41 −0.12 |
0.360.79 0.25–1.20 −0.20 to 0.32 |
0.52 0.05 0.16 |
| Fasting Glucose—mmol/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
5.7 5.0 −0.62 |
4.9–7.3 4.6–5.3 −2.3 to −0.1 |
6.5 5.4 −0.31 |
5.2–11 5.2–8.5 −2.5 to 0.03 |
0.24 0.02 0.69 |
| Hemoglobin A1c—% Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
5.6 5.0 −0.32 |
5.0–7.0 4.8–5.6 −1.56 to −0.07 |
5.6 5.7 −0.4 |
5.3–8.5 5.2–6.6 −1.79 to 0.32 |
0.55 0.03 0.99 |
| Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
4.9 1.6 −2.6 |
2.4–18 1.1–2.5 −13.5 to −0.7 |
6.3 2.7 −3.3 |
3.9–11 1.8–3.1 −6.2 to −1.2 |
0.56 0.09 0.99 |
| Triglycerides—mmol/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
1.3 0.94 −0.4 |
0.97–1.7 0.63–1.2 −0.64 to −0.08 |
1.4 1.3 −0.17 |
0.95–3.3 1.2–1.3 −1.78 to 0.15 |
0.85 0.02 0.69 |
| Low Density Lipoprotein—mmol/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
2.5 2.2 −0.29 |
± 0.57 ± 0.54 ± 0.62 |
2.9 2.5 −0.48 |
± 1.3 ± 0.57 ± 0.93 |
0.37 0.28 0.58 |
| High Density Lipoprotein—mmol/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
0.93 1.5 0.6 |
± 0.23 ± 0.33 ± 0.27 |
1.1 1.5 0.28 |
0.26 ± 0.33 ±0.3 |
0.09 0.70 0.02 |
| C-reactive Protein—mg/L Before surgery At test date Change from baseline |
5.0 0.3 −3.5 |
1.6–7.9 0.3–0.3 −7.6 to −1.3 |
9.7 2.0 −5.0 |
4.9–20 1.3–13 −9.9 to 2.0 |
0.10 <0.0001 0.79 |
* Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) for non-normally distributed parameters and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed parameters. Values with range are median and IQR, plus–minus values are means ± SD. Significant values p < 0.05 are printed in bold. Laboratory values are expressed in SI-values. Questionnaires: Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire–Emotional Eating subscale (DEBQ-EE); Dietary Fat and Free Sugar Questionnaire ((DFS); Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress Screening Scale (TICS). BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; excess weight loss; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; kg, kilograms; yr, years.