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(a) Radiographic exam of every time point in porcine lumbar interbody fusion model of nonporous titanium (NPTi), 60% porous titanium (PTi), and porous tantalum (PTa) cages. (b) Radiographic grades and (c) fusion segment lengths of NPTi, PTi, and PTa cages at time of operation (op, 0 m), 1 month post-surgery (1 m), 3 months post-surgery (3 m), and 6 month post-surgery (6 m). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
