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. 2022 May 21;14(5):358. doi: 10.3390/toxins14050358

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Relationships between all known EGF-like toxins from ants. (A) The unrooted phylogenetic tree includes node numbers indicating bootstrap support. The colored boxes indicate the taxonomic placement of the species in which the corresponding toxin was identified. Major clades within the myrmicine EGF-like toxins are indicated (A-clade, B-clade and C-clade). Animal images show the predicted target of each toxin. (B) The sequence alignment shows predicted signal peptides (adjusted SignalP prediction and information from UniProtKB) in red and conserved cysteine residues in blue. Toxins marked with an * were discovered in this study.