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Biochemical pathway of androstenedione (AD) production from phytosterol, obtained from vegetable oils—mainly β-sitosterol. Dashed arrows indicate multiple enzymatic steps. HsD: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The red dashed borders indicate the obstacles to AD production: the substrate’s low solubility and steroidal nucleus degradation. Green arrows indicate chemical reactions or extraction procedures [1,2,3,6].
