Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies (n = 13).

Study	Year	Country	Study Design	CD on GFD	Healthy	UCD	Duration of Treatment with Gluten-Free Diet (Months)
Nadal I. et al. [16]	2007	Spain	CSS	10	8	20	12–24
Collado M. et al. [22]	2008	Spain	CSS	18	30	30	min 24
Di Cagno R. et al. [19]	2009	Italy	CSS	7	7	7	min 24
Schippa S. et al. [14]	2010	Italy	CSS	20	10	20	9
De Palma G. et al. [17]	2010	Spain	CSS	18	20	24	min 24
Di Cagno R. et al. [13]	2011	Italy	CSS	19	15	0	min 24
Kalliomäki M. et al. [18]	2012	Finland	CSS	6	9	10	min 12
Nistal E. et al. [20]	2012	Spain	CSS	11	11	10	min 24
Sanchez E. et al. [23]	2013	Spain	CSS	17	8	32	min 24
Pirjo W. et al. [15]	2014	Finland	CSS	34	0	0	min 36
Lorenzo Pisarello M.J. et al. [25]	2015	Argentina	CSS	15	15	0	min 6
Serena G. et al. [24]	2019	USA	CSS	8	10	10	min 6
Panelli S. et al. [21]	2020	Italy	CSS	29	31	13	36 (median)

CD—coeliac disease, GFD—gluten-free diet, CSS—cross-sectional study, CD on GFD—patients with CD on GFD, Healthy—healthy individuals without CD and other known food intolerance, UCD—untreated CD patients.