Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population (n = 212).
| Study | Age (Years) Mean ±SD |
Sex (% Male) | Antibiotic Treatment | AGA | tGA | HLA | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD on GFD | Healthy | UCD | CD on GFD | Healthy | UCD | CD on GFD | Healthy | UCD | CD on GFD | Healthy | UCD | CD on GFD | Healthy | UCD | ||
| Di Cagno R. et al. [13] | 9.7 (6–12) 1 | 10.4 (6–12) 1 | N/A | 42 | 47 | N/A | no last 3 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Lorenzo Pisarello M.J. et al. [25] | 7.5 | 6.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | negative | N/A | N/A | negative | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Schippa S. et al. [14] | N/A | 11.7 (7.8–20.8) | 8.3 (1.2–16.1) | 40 | 30 | 40 | no last 3 mo | positive | N/A | N/A | positive | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pirjo W. et al. [15] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | No | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.3 | 0.8 | N/A | 65% DQ2/DQ8 | N/A | N/A |
| Nadal I. et al. [16] | 5.1 | 4.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | positive | N/A | N/A | positive | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| De Palma G. et al. [17] | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Kalliomäki M. et al. [18] | 46 | 8.5 | 9.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | negative | negative | positive | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Di Cagno R. et al. [19] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Nistal E. et al. [20] | 40.4 | 30.9 | 38.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | negative | negative | positive | N/A | 0% DQ2/DQ8 | N/A |
| Panelli S. et al. [21] | 37+/−6 | 44+/−17 | 35+/−6 | 31 | 23 | 15 | no last 1 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 58% DQ2+, 3% DQ8+, 7% DQ2/DQ8+ | 32% DQ2+, 10% DQ2+, 3% DQ2/DQ8+, 26% DQ2/DQ8- | 62% DQ2+, 0% DQ8+, 23% DQ2/DQ8+ |
| Serena G. et al. [24] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | no last 1 mo | N/A | N/A | N/A | negative | N/A | positive | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Collado M. et al. [22] | 5.43 | 3.75 | 4.7 | 44.4 | 43.3 | 40 | no last 1 mo | negative | negative | positive | negative | negative | positive | DQ2+-100% | N/A | DQ2+-100% |
| Sanchez E. et al. [23] | 5.9 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 47.1 | 50 | 43.7 | no last 1 mo | negative | negative | positive | negative | negative | positive | DQ2/DQ8 100% |
N/A | DQ2/DQ8 100% |
N/A—not applicable, AGA—anti-gliadin antibodies, tGA—anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, HLA—haplotypes within the HLA-DQ serotyping system (genetic test), CD—coeliac disease, GFD—gluten-free diet, CD on GFD—patients with CD on GFD, Healthy—healthy individuals without CD and other known food intolerance, UCD—untreated CD patients. 1 Median age (range).