Table 1.
Compounds | Plant Material | Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Investigation Methods | Determination of Plant Extract Components Method | IC50 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gigantelline, gigantellinine and gigancrinine, cherylline- and crinine-type Amarylidaceae alkaloids |
Crinum jagus bulbs |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Separation by preparative TLC and identification by NMR | From 1.83 μM for gigantellinine to 174.90 μM for sanguinine | [72] |
Flavonol triglycosides |
Maytenus robusta leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and docking study | TLC, LC-UV-Vis, LC-MS | [73] | |
Oxoprotoberberine alkaloid and flavone |
Miliusa thorelii stem, root and leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and docking study | Separation by TLC and column chromatography and identification by NMR and MS | - | [74] |
Diterpenoid alkaloids | Aconitum anthoroideum whole plant | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Separation by column chromatography and identification by NMR | From 0.065 μM for hetisinone to >100 μM for anthoroisine H | [75] |
Monoterpene indole alkaloids |
Rauvolfia vomitoria leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and docking study | Separation by TLC, column chromatography and identification by NMR | From 16.39 μM for rauvomitorine III to 186.62 μM for normacusine B | [76] |
Polymethylated acylphloroglucinols |
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa twigs and leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Separation by semi-preparative HPLC and identification by NMR | From 8.68 μM for rhotomentosone E to 46.58 μM for rhodomentone A | [77] |
Acylphloroglucinols |
Eucalyptus robusta fruits |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and docking study | Separation by semi-preparative HPLC and identification by NMR | From 2.55 μM for eucalyprobusones E and F to >40 μM for eucalyprobusal A–E and eucalyprobusone B | [78] |
Flavanonol glucosides |
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. aerial parts |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Separation by column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, identification by NMR | From 76.59 μM for (2S,3R)-dihydrokaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucoside to 97.53 μM for (2R,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-b- D-glucoside |
[79] |
Phenolic compounds |
Ficus sycomorus L. leaf and stem bark |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | LC/MS | - | [80] |
Phenolic compounds, triterpenes |
Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum africanum, Ocimum americanum and Ocimum minimum leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | UPLC–MS | From 2.571 mg/mL for Ocimum americanum to 31.42 mg/mL for Ocimum minimum | [81] |
Alkaloids: galantamine, pseudolycorine, sanguinine and narciclasine | Hippeastrum elegans bulbs | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | UPLC- MS and NMR | From 4.9 to 33.7 μg/mL for the different harvest time | [82] |
Phenolic compounds |
Stachys annua leaves |
Ellman method | LC-MS/MS | 119.8 μg/mL for methanolic and 150.1 μg/mL for water extracts | [83] |
Phenolic compounds |
Rhaponticoides iconiensis flowers, leaves and roots |
Ellman method | LC-MS/MS and NMR | - | [84] |
Phenolic compounds |
Sarcocephalus latifolius bark |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | GC-MS | - | [85] |
Stilbenoids |
Rheum lhasaense roots |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Semi-preparative HPLC, NMR | From 2.18 μM for 4′-methoxy-scirpusin A l to 1709 μM for resveratrol | [86] |
(E)-β-caryophyllene, a-pinene, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, β-pinene and myrcene |
Gynura bicolor leaves and stems | Ellman method | GC-MS | - | [87] |
Coumarins, flavonoids and b-sitosterol |
Ferulago carduchorum aerial parts |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | TLC, column chromatography, NMR | For 39.64 μM for xanthotoxin to 854.05 μM for suberosin | [88] |
Alkaloids |
Hippeastrum Vitattum bulbs, Hippeastrum striatum bulbs, Hippeastrum morelianum bulbs, Hippeastrum santacarina bulbs, Hippeastrum breviflorum bulbs, Hippeastrum glaucescens bulbs and leaves, Hippeastrum psittacinum bulbs and leaves and Rhodophiala bifida bulbs |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and molecular docking study | GC-MS, NMR | From 0.33 μg/mL for Hippeastrum glaucescens bulbs to 8.45 μg/mL for Rhodophiala bifida bulbs | [89] |
Phenolic compounds |
Evolvulus alsinoides leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | GC-MS | From 4.46 μg/mL for water extract to 7.55 μg/mL for chloroformic extract | [90] |
Gallic acid derivative, hydroxybenzoic acid derivative and rutin |
Olax nana whole plant |
Ellman method | HPLC–DAD | 33.2 μg/mL for crude methanolic extract | [91] |
Phytol derivative and cinnamic acid ester |
Pycnanthus Angolensis leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | TLC | 22.26 μg/mL for eluptol and 6.51 μg/mL for omifoate A | [92] |
Lycorine |
Hippeastrum goianum seeds |
Ellman method | HPLC–DAD | 386.00 μg/mL for ethanol extracts obtained from dry leaves of plantlets produced by in vitro seed germination and 114.80 μg/mL for micropropagation of bulblets |
[93] |
Chlorogenic acid, limonene | Crithmum maritimum flowers, stems and leaves | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | HPLC–DAD | - | [94] |
Polyphenols |
Salvia pilifera aerial parts |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | LC-MS/MS | 138.61 μg/mL for water extract and 94.93 μg/mL for methanol extracts | [95] |
Phytol, neophytadiene, decamethylene dibromide, crodacid, stigma-5-en-3-ol |
Nonea micrantha whole plant |
Ellman method | GC-MS | From 44 μg/mL for n-hexane extract to 1035 μg/mL for chloroform extract | [96] |
Phenylpropanoids, cinchonains, procyanidins |
Trichilia catigua bark |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | TLC, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS | From 142 μg/mL for hydroalcoholic extract to 346 μg/mL for hexane extract | [97] |
Phenolic compounds |
Hypericum lydium aerial part |
Ellman method | GC-MS | - | [98] |
Carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinenecarvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene | Thymus algeriensis leaves and Teucrium polium aerial parts | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | GC-MS | 98.84 μg/mL for Thymus algeriensis and 261.97 μg/mL for Teucrium polium | [99] |
Chlorogenic acid, cynarin and arzanol |
Helichrysum Stoechas flowers, stems, and leaves |
Ellman method and molecular docking study | LC-MS/MS | 260.7 μg/mL for flover extract and 654.8 7 μg/mL for stem/leaves extract | [100] |
Phenolic compounds |
Zizyphus lotus seeds |
Ellman method | LC-MS/MS | 0.88 mg/mL for phenolic yields of seeds extract | [101] |
1,8-Cineole, l-Borneol and β-Pinène |
Rosmarinus Tournefortii aerial parts |
Ellman method | GC-MS | 13.80 μg/mL for essential oil, 180.70 μg/mL for chloroform extract and >200 μg/mL for butanolic extract | [102] |
Flavonoids, phenolic acids |
Cryptostephanus vansonii roots, rhizomes, basal leaf region and leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | UHPLC–MS/MS | From 7.72 μg/mL for root extract to 25.58 μg/mL for leaf extract | [103] |
Phenolic compounds |
Senecio biafrae leaves |
Ellman method | HPLC-DAD | 347.22 μg/mL | [104] |
Furanocoumarins |
Heracleum verticillatum, Heracleum sibiricum, Heracleum angustisectum, and Heracleum ternatum leaves, fruits and roots |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | NMR | From 0.30 μg/mL for Heracleum verticillatum roots extract to 42.4 μg/mL for Heracleum ternatum roots extract | [105] |
γ-terpinene, carvacrol, p-cymene and β-caryophyllene |
Satureja thymbra aerial parts and Thymbra spicata aerial parts | Ellman method | GC-MS | 4.17 μg/mL for Satureja thymbra and 3.73 μg/mL for Thymbra spicata | [106] |
Coumarins and flavonoids |
Citrus Aurantium fructus |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate and molecular docking study | UHPLC–MS/MS | - | [107] |
Salvigenin, fumaric acid, and quercetagetin-3.6-dimethylether |
Salvia eriophora leaves |
Ellman method | LC-MS/MS | 15.06 μg/mL for water extract and 9.91 μg/mL for methanol extract | [108] |
Phenolic compounds |
Ceratonia silique leaves |
Ellman method | HPLC-DAD | 0.26 mg/mL | [109] |
Phenolic compounds |
Muscari comosum bulbs |
Ellman method | HPLC-UV-Vis | 107.64 μg/mL | [110] |
Phenolic compounds |
Nymphaea pubescens flowers |
Ellman method | GC-MS | 51.33 μg/mL for flower Extract, 380.77 μg/mL for pedicel extract |
[111] |
Alkaloids: epiberberine, skimmianine, palmatine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine | Zanthoxylum nitidum whole plant | Ellman method | HPLC-UV-MS | 62.34 μg/mL for crude extract, 1745.34 μg/mL for ethanol extract and from 3.12 μg/mL for epiberberine to 34.82 μg/mL for jatrorrhizine | [71] |
Phenolic compounds |
Solanum macrocarpon, Amaranthus viridis and Telfairia occidentalis leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | HPLC | - | [112] |
Flavonoids |
Eupatorium
Lindleyanum |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Spectrophotometric method | 0.58 mg/mL | [113] |
Phenolic compounds |
Mucuna pruriens seeds |
Ellman method | HPLC-DAD | 0.27 mg/mL | [114] |
α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, α-bisabolol, myrcene and cannabidiol |
Cannabis sativa flowering tops | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | GC-MS | 57.31 μg/mL for Chinese accession and 74.64 μg/mL for fibrante variety |
[115] |
Polymethylated phloroglucinol meroterpenoids |
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa twigs and leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Column chromatography, NMR | 22.9 μM for most active compound rhotomentodione D | [116] |
Flavonoids |
Musa acuminate leaves and fruits |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | Column chromatography, HPTLC-EDA-Vis, NMR | 404.4 μg/mL for ethyl acetate leaf extract to 1848.7 μg/mL for n-hexane fruit extract | [117] |
Phenolic compounds |
Mentha pulegium whole plant |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | HPLC-DAD | 1581 μg/L for aqueous extract | [118] |
Catechins |
Camellia sinensis leaves |
Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | HPLC-DAD, NMR | 42.38 μM for (−)-6-(5″R)-2″-ethoxy-3″,4″-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-epicatechin-3-gallate, 19.5 μM for epicatechin-3-gallate and 78.79 μM for epigallocatechin-3-gallate | [119] |
Flavoalkaloids | Camellia sinensis leaves | Ellman method with the application of 96-well microplate | LC-DAD-MS | From 10.81 μM to 34.82 μM for most active compounds | [63] |