| SCFAs | short-chain fatty acids |
| ISAPP | international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics |
| DP | degree of polymerization |
| HMOs | human milk polysaccharides |
| FOS | fructo-oligosaccharides |
| GOS | galacto-oligosaccharides |
| ITF | inulin-type fructans |
| XOS | xylo-oligosaccharides |
| AXOS | arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides |
| CAZymes | carbohydrate active enzymes |
| GH | glycoside hydrolase |
| GT | glycosyltransferase |
| CE | carbohydrate esterase |
| PL | polysaccharide lyase |
| CBM | carbohydrate-binding module |
| PUL | polysaccharide utilisation loci |
| SUS | starch utilisation system |
| SGBP | surface glycan-binding protein |
| TBDT | TonB-dependent transporter |
| gpPUL | Gram-positive PUL |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
| MFS | major facilitator superfamily |
| PTS | phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system |
| LPMOs | lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
| OMVs | outer membrane vesicles |
| H2 | hydrogen |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| SO42− | sulphate |
| GPL-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| PYY | peptide YY |
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