Table 2.
Differences in lifestyle and health status among transgender individual with and without self-reported STIs.
| All (n = 705) % (n) |
At Least One STI (n = 48) % (n) |
No STI (n = 657) % (n) |
p | HR [95% Confidence Interval] | Adjusted p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Ex-smoker | 15.7% (111) | 13.0% (6) | 15.9% (104) | p = 0.610 | 0.664 [0.267–1.653] | p = 0.379 |
| Current smoker | 45.5% (321) | 54.3% (26) | 44.9% (295) | p = 0.215 | 1.435 [0.772–2.668] | p = 0.253 |
| Comorbilities | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.6% (11) | 4.3% (2) | 1.4% (9) | p = 0.128 | 1.525 [0.297–7.829] | p = 0.613 |
| Diabetes | 1.1% (8) | 2.1% (1) | 1.1% (7) | p = 0.512 | 1.389 [0.149–12.970] | p = 0.773 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.4% (10) | 2.1% (1) | 1.2% (8) | p = 0.598 | 0.861 [0.101–7.322] | p = 0.891 |
| Hypertension | 2.1% (15) | 4.3% (2) | 2.0% (13) | p = 0.301 | 0.944 [0.195–4.572] | p = 0.943 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.4% (3) | 0.0% (0) | 0.5% (3) | p = 0.641 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| Current medication use | 2.7% (19) | 4.3% (2) | 2.6% (17) | p = 0.501 | 2.808 [0.597–13.212] | p = 0.191 |
| Alcohol consumption * | 1.8% (13) | 2.2% (1) | 1.9% (12) | p = 0.885 | 1.01 [0.122–8.343] | p = 0.993 |
| Lifetime substance abuse | 31.4% (221) | 50.0% (24) | 30.0% (197) | p = 0.003 | 2.552 [1.374–4.740] | p = 0.003 |
| Alcohol | 11.9% (84) | 8.3% (4) | 12.2% (80) | p = 0.492 | 0.788 [0.231–2.692] | p = 0.704 |
| Cannabis | 19.4% (137) | 22.9% (11) | 19.2% (126) | p = 0.668 | 1.504 [0.651–3.477] | p = 0.339 |
| Opiates | 3.1% (22) | 18.7% (9) | 2.0% (13) | p < 0.0001 | 8.673 [3.115–24.147] | p < 0.0001 |
| Cocaine | 8.8% (62) | 27.1% (13) | 7.5% (49) | p < 0.0001 | 4.608 [2.046–10.378] | p < 0.0001 |
| Hallucinogens | 2.1% (15) | 2.1% (1) | 2.1% (14) | p = 0.794 | 1.191 [0.148–9.573] | p = 0.870 |
| Ketamine | 1.1% (8) | 0.0% (0) | 1.2% (8) | p = 0.517 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| Psychiatric disorders in the family | 27.7% (195) | 25.5% (12) | 27.8% (183) | p = 0.730 | 0.946 [0.470–1.903] | p = 0.876 |
| Sexual abuse | ||||||
| Childhood | 6.8% (48) | 6.4% (3) | 6.9% (45) | p = 0.886 | 0.757 [0.220–2.603] | p = 0.659 |
| Adolescence | 4.7% (33) | 14.9% (7) | 4.0% (26) | p = 0.001 | 4.178 [1.642–10.626] | p = 0.003 |
| Self-harming behaviors | 28.0% (197) | 29.2% (14) | 27.8% (183) | p = 0.705 | 1.350 [0.687–2.652] | p = 0.384 |
| Bullying | ||||||
| Childhood | 15.0% (106) | 8.3% (4) | 15.5% (102) | p = 0.215 | 0.693 [0.237–2.026] | p = 0.503 |
| Adolescence | 17.3% (122) | 6.5% (3) | 18.1% (119) | p = 0.046 | 0.519 [0.154–1.749] | p = 0.290 |
| Suicidal ideation | 51.9% (366) | 58.3% (28) | 51.4% (338) | p = 0.283 | 1.529 [0.819–2.857] | p = 0.183 |
| Current psychiatric medications | 11.3% (80) | 25.0% (12) | 10.3% (68) | p = 0.002 | 2.579 [1.237–5.380] | p = 0.012 |
| Antidepressants | 6.5% (46) | 8.3% (4) | 6.4% (42) | p = 0.555 | 1.108 [0.367–3.345] | p = 0.856 |
| Antipsychotics | 1.4% (10) | 2.1% (1) | 1.4% (9) | p = 0.680 | 1.249 [0.143–10.936] | p = 0.841 |
| Mood stabilizers | 2.6% (18) | 4.2% (2) | 2.4% (16) | p = 0.457 | 1.728 [0.349–8.556] | p = 0.503 |
| Benzodiazepines | 4.5% (32) | 12.5% (6) | 4.0% (26) | p = 0.006 | 3.072 [1.157–8.155] | p = 0.024 |
| Lifetime psychiatric disorders | 21.5% (152) | 37.5% (18) | 20.4% (134) | p = 0.010 | 1.988 [1.013–3.901] | p = 0.046 |
| GAD | 2.0% (14) | 0.0% (0) | 2.1% (14) | p = 0.339 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| Depression | 16.0% (113) | 33.3% (16) | 14.8% (97) | p = 0.002 | 2.329 [1.154–4.701] | p = 0.018 |
| Dysthymia | 0.1% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 0.2% (1) | p = 0.790 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 1.000 |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.1% (8) | 0.0% (0) | 1.2% (8) | p = 0.479 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| Panic disorder | 4.3% (30) | 2.1% (1) | 4.4% (29) | p = 0.510 | 0.368 [0.047–2.882] | p = 0.341 |
| Sociophobia | 0.4% (3) | 0.0% (0) | 0.5% (3) | p = 0.644 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| PTSD | 0.3% (2) | 0.0% (0) | 0.3% (2) | p = 0.706 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| OCD | 0.9% (6) | 0.0% (0) | 0.9% (6) | p = 0.513 | 0.000 [0.000-] | p = 0.999 |
| Any personality disorder | 0.6% (4) | 4.2% (2) | 0.3% (2) | p < 0.0001 | 13.176 [1.582–109.719] | p = 0.017 |
| Anorexia nervosa | 0.9% (6) | 2.1% (1) | 0.8% (5) | p = 0.319 | 4.585 [0.467–45.068] | p = 0.192 |
Data are expressed as percentages, while the absolute number of subjects is reported in parentheses. Data have been adjusted for age. Logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age was performed. * More than 2 alcohol units per day. STI = sexually transmitted infection; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder.