Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 May 20;14(10):2134. doi: 10.3390/nu14102134

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Pooled relative risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 comparing vitamin D supplementation with controls (placebo or no vitamin D supplementation) in (a) tertiary prevention studies and (b) both secondary and tertiary prevention studies. Studies are stratified by study design (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [3,12,13,25] vs. non-randomized intervention studies (NRIS) [4,5,6,15,28,29,30,33,34,35]. Subgroup and pooled summary estimates are reported with 95% confidence interval, analyzed with the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects model method. Heterogeneity was quantified by I². The chi-square test served to examine group difference between study designs.

Pooled relative risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 comparing vitamin D supplementation with controls (placebo or no vitamin D supplementation) in (a) tertiary prevention studies and (b) both secondary and tertiary prevention studies. Studies are stratified by study design (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [3,12,13,25] vs. non-randomized intervention studies (NRIS) [4,5,6,15,28,29,30,33,34,35]. Subgroup and pooled summary estimates are reported with 95% confidence interval, analyzed with the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects model method. Heterogeneity was quantified by I². The chi-square test served to examine group difference between study designs.