Table 2.
Risk of bias summary based on Cochrane Systematic Review Guidelines for included randomized controlled trials.
| Study | Selection Bias 1 | Selection Bias 2 | Performance Bias 3 | Attrition Bias 4 | Detection Bias 5 | Reporting Bias 6 | Overall Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary prevention | |||||||
| Hosseini et al. [27] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Secondary prevention | |||||||
| Rastogi et al. [8] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns |
| Sanchez et al. [10] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
| Tertiary prevention | |||||||
| Castillo et al. [3] | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low |
| Caballero-Garcia et al. [26] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lakkireddy et al. [13] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
| Murai et al. [12] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Nogues et al. [25] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
| Sabico et al. [9] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
1 Random sequence generation, 2 Allocation concealment, 3 Blinding of participants and personnel, 4 Incomplete outcome data, 5 Blinding of outcome assessment, 6 Selective reporting