Symbols
$E_A$	areal sweep efficiency
$E_D$	displacement efficiency
$E_I$	vertical sweep efficiency
$E_V$	volumetric sweep efficiency
k	absolute permeability
$k_o$	effective permeability of oil
$k_w$	effective permeability of water
M	mobility ratio
$N_{De}$	Deborah number
n	shear-thinning index
$S_w$	water saturation
Greek letters
${\tau }_E$	characteristic residence time
${\tau }_r$	relaxation time of the polymeric fluid
$\lambda$	phase mobility
$\mu$	viscosity
Subscripts/Superscripts
i	initial
o	oil
w	water
Abbreviations
AA	Acrylic Acid
AM	Acrylamide
AMPS	2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid
AN	(Sulfonated) Polyacrylamide
AOS	(Sodium) Alpha Olefin Sulfate
ATBS	Acrylamide Tertiary Butyl Sulfonic Acid
AVS	Amphiphilic Ter-polymer of AM, AMPS
BEM	Butylethyl Magnesium
CEOR	Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery
CMG-STARS	Computer Modeling Group Ltd
CO${}_2$	Carbon Dioxide
DOH	Degree of Hydrolysis
DTAB	Dodecyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide
EOR	Enhanced Oil Recovery
ERoEI	Exergy-Return on Exergy-Investment
WE	Engineered Water
EWF	Engineered Water Flooding
EWPF	Engineered Water Polymer Flooding
HAP	Hydrophobically Associating Polymers
HEC	Hydroxyethylcellulose
HMA	Hot-melt Adhesives
HMA	Hydrophobically Modified Associating
HMA-PAM	Hydrophobically Modified Associating Polymers-Polyacrylamide
HPAM	Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide
HTHS	High Temperature High Salinity
IFT	Interfacial Tension
IOR	Improved Oil Recovery
IW	Injection Water
LCST	Lower Critical Solution Temperature
LSPF	Low-Salinity Polymer Flooding
LSW	Low-Salinity Water
LSWF	Low-Salinity Water Flooding
LSW-P	Low-Salinity Water Polymer
MW	Molecular Weight
MWCNT	Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
NaCl	Sodium Chloride
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NVP	N-Vinylpyrrolidone
OOIP	Original Oil in place
PAM	Polyacrylamide
PEF	Polymer-Enhanced Foam
PF	Polymer Flooding
PS	Polymer–Surfactant
PSA	Polymer–Surfactant–Alkaline
PSF	Polymer–Surfactant Flooding
PV	Pore Volume
PZC	Point of Zero Charge
RE	Recovery Efficiency
SDBS	Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate
SIMGAP	Simultaneous Injection of Miscible Gas and Polymer
SIWAP	Simultaneous Injection of Water and Polymer
SMG	Soft Micro Gel Polymers
SP	Surfactant–Polymer
STARPAM	Star-shaped Polymer of Polyacrylamide
TDS	Total Dissolved Solids
TVP	Thermo-Viscosifying Polymers
UTCHEM	University of Texas Chemical Simulator
VP	Vinylpyrrolidone