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. 2022 May 16;14(10):2038. doi: 10.3390/polym14102038

Table 2.

Overview of recycling methods for thermoset polymers.

Recycling Methods Short Description Advantageous (+)/
Disadvantageous (−)
Status of the Technology References
Tertiary recycling, i.e., chemical recycling through chemicals and/or energy chemical recycling consisting of destroying the three-dimensional crosslinked structure (+) materials recovery
(−) negative environmental impacts due to use of chemicals, solvents, etc.
under investigations; limited industrially applicable practice [75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89]
Quaternary recycling, i.e., energy recovery incineration of three-dimensional crosslinked plastic to recovery of their embedded energy (+) energy recovery, which is preferable to landfilling
(−) gas emissions must be controlled to minimize their negative environmental impacts
applicable [75]