. 2022 Apr 24;10(5):886. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10050886

Table 1.

Regenerative Actions of BoNT/A in Rodent Models.

Ref.	Nerve Injury	Species	Formulation & Dose	Route	Major Assessments	Primary Finding	Proposed Mechanism
[120]	CCI ¹	Mouse	150 kDa BoNT/A; 15 pg/paw	Intraplantar injection	Weight bearing; walking track analysis	Normalization of weight bearing; accelerated recovery of SSI ²	Proliferation of repair Schwann cells
[32]	Nerve crush	Mouse	150 kDa BoNT/A; 15 pg in 2 µL saline	Intraneural injection at crush site	Pinch test; CMAP ³; CNAP ⁴; nerve fiber number and density	Increased rate of regeneration of myelinated nerves	Proliferation of repair Schwann cells; reduced inflammation
[32]	CCI ¹	Mouse	15 pg in 20 µL saline	Intraplantar injection	Pinch test; CMAP ³; CNAP ⁴; nerve fiber number and density	Increased rate of regeneration of myelinated nerves	Proliferation of repair Schwann cells; reduced inflammation
[30]	Transection/repair of femoral nerve	Rat	IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin^®); 100 U/mL ⁵ for 30 min	Incubation of proximal nerve stump	Walking track analysis; histochemical staining	Marked acceleration in recovery of ⁶ FBA × SLR index	Preservation of cholinergic input to femoral motor neurons
[130]	Transection of tibial nerve with and without repair	Rat	AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport^®); 16 U/kg	Intramuscular injection in contralateral gastrocnemius muscle	Walking track analysis; EMG; axonal density	Accelerated recovery of walking track performance in rats undergoing nerve transection with immediate repair	Adaptation by CNS in response to muscle weakness in contralateral limb

¹ CCI = chronic constriction injury; ² SSI = sciatic static index; ³ CMAP = compound muscle action potential; ⁴ CNAP = compound nerve action potential; ⁵ U = mouse intraperitoneal lethal dose50 (LD50) units; ⁶ FBA × SLR = foot-base angle × step length ratio.