Table 1.
Unit cost of natural raw materials and chemical substances and some raw materials in the commercialization phase; USD = US dollar; NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)
| Chemical substances | Natural raw materials | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alum sulphate | Polyelectrolyte | Calcium chloride | Alginate | Chitosan | |
| Unit price (USD/kg) | 0.042 | 0.23 | 0.081 | 0.29 | - |
| Amount required (g/m3) | 0.03 | 10–4 | 0.12 | 4 10–4 | - |
|
Total Price (USD/m3) |
1.2 10–6 | 0.02 10–6 | 1 10–4 | 1 × 10–7 | - |
| Initial turbidity in water (NTU) | 5–100 | 80 | - | ||
| Raw material used as coagulant on the commercialization scale | |||||
| Unit price (USD/kg) | 0.3–0.5* | - | 1 | 12 | 19 |
| Amount used (mg/L) | 3 | - | 80 | 0.2 | - |
*Prices obtained from the bulk suppliers in Turkey (Bixler and Porse, 2011)