Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in the study.
| Variable | HIV-positive controls (n = 20) | Pneumonia TB negative (n = 31) | Pneumonia TB positive (n = 20) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 37.5 (± 12.4) | 39.7 (± 13.8) | 40.0 (± 13.8) | 0.787 |
| Min/Max | 22/78 | 19/65 | 20/63 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male, n( %) | 11 (55.0) | 16 (51.6) | 8 (40) | 0.535 |
| Female, n(%) | 9 (45.0) | 15 (48.4) | 12 (60) | |
| Previous TB n(%) | 1 (5.0) | 4 (12.9) | 5 (25) | 0.153 |
| Smoker n(%) | 6 (30.0) | 4 (12.9) | 4 (20) | 0.335 |
| Biomass fuel exposure n (%) | 4 (20.0) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (15) | 0.774 |
| Inhaled medication | ||||
| Corticosteroids n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.762 |
| Beta-agonist n (%) | 1 (5) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | |
| HIV Viral load (copies/mL) | ||||
| n | 6 | 16 | 10 | 0.188 |
| Mean | 27 561 | 242 190 | 420 036 | |
| Min/Max | 730/131 556 | undetectable/1 120 775 | 34,912/1 578 513 | |
| CD4 (cells/mm3) | ||||
| Mean | 262 (± 195) | 183 (± 142) | 127 (± 130) | 0.025* |
| Min/Max | 84/942 | 3/486 | 1/363 | |
| TB culture | ||||
| Positive | – | – | 20 (100) | < 0.001* |
| Negative | 20(100) | 31(100) | – | |
| PJP PCR | ||||
| Positive (%) | – | 7(22.6) | 3(15) | 0.319 |
| Negative (%) | – | 25(77.4) | 17(85) | |
| ARVs | ||||
| Yes (%) | – | 12 (38.7) | 6 (30) | 0.002* |
| No (%) | 20 (100) | 19 (61.3) | 14 (70) | |
| Severity of illness | ||||
| CURB-65 (avg) | – | 2,38 | 2.43 | 0.671 |
| ACHU (avg) | – | 2.56 | 2.34 | 0.459 |
*Statistically significant.