Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 29.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biochem. 2021 Apr 13;90:763–788. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081420-102432

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Overview of culture modality approaches. (a) Alterations in microbial culture conditions can significantly impact BGC expression. Monoculture variations screen organisms under several different culture conditions to increase secondary metabolite production. Closthioamide was discovered using this approach. (b) Mixed cultures can activate cryptic BGCs through a multitude of complex interactions between competing and/or cooperating organisms. In this example, production of the siderophores myxochelin by Myxococcus xanthus (shown in gold) and desferrioxamine E by Streptomyces coelicolor (shown in blue) is greatly increased when the two strains are cultured together. Abbreviation: BGC, biosynthetic gene cluster.