Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and physical activity between exercise and non-exercise group
| Characteristics of participants | Exercise group | Non-exercise group | χ2 | p Value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 157) | (n = 120) | ||||
| Age (years) | 21.6 ± 1.9 | 21.9 ± 1.6 | 0.174 | 0.081 | |
| Age at menarche (years) | 12.5 ± 1.7 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | 0.286 | 0.029 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.7 ± 2.1 | 20.1 ± 2.0 | 0.067 | 0.109 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Absence | 147 (93.6) | 120 (96.0) | 0.776 | 0.378 | 0.052 |
| Presence | 10 (6.4) | 5 (4.0) | |||
| Alcohol intake | |||||
| Low | 146 (93.0) | 121 (96.8) | 2.002 | 0.157 | 0.084 |
| High | 11 (7.0) | 4 (3.2) | |||
| Sleep | |||||
| ≧ 7 h | 75 (47.8) | 59 (47.2) | 0.009 | 1.000 | 0.006 |
| < 7 h | 82 (52.2) | 66 (52.8) | |||
| Breakfast | |||||
| Eating | 116 (73.9) | 87 (69.6) | 0.634 | 0.426 | 0.047 |
| Not eating | 41 (26.1) | 38 (30.4) | |||
| Eating between meals | |||||
| Eating | 115 (73.2) | 79 (63.2) | 3.273 | 0.070 | 0.108 |
| Not eating | 42 (26.8) | 46 (36.8) | |||
| Painkillers | |||||
| Using | 75 (47.8) | 58 (46.4) | 0.052 | 0.819 | 0.014 |
| Not using | 82 (52.2) | 67 (53.6) | |||
| IPAQ-SF | |||||
| Low | 13 (28.3) | 80 (64.0) | 114.233 | 0.001* | 0.636 |
| Moderate | 92 (58.6) | 45 (36.0) | |||
| High | 52 (33.1) | 120 (0.0) |
Data are expressed as means ± SD, or n (%)
BMI body mass index, IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form
*Statistical significant