Table 2.

Comparisons of resilience, social support, coping styles, and corresponding norms (N = 431)

	Score mean ± SD	Norm	MDa	95% CIb	P
Resilience		(N = 560)e
CD-RISCc total score	54.72 ± 14.71	65.4 ± 13.9	− 10.68	− 12.59, − 8.77	< 0.001
Perceived social support		(N = 1589)f
MSPSSd total score	65.45 ± 9.40	68.91 ± 11.99	− 3.46	− 4.68, − 2.24	< 0.001
Coping style		(N = 701)g
Confrontation	19.87 ± 3.73	19.48 ± 3.81	0.39	− 0.10, 0.87	0.12
Avoidance	16.70 ± 1.90	14.44 ± 2.97	2.25	2.01, 2.50	< 0.001
Resignation	9.57 ± 2.87	8.81 ± 3.17	0.76	0.39, 1.13	< 0.001

^aMean difference

^bConfidence interval

^cConnor–Davidson resilience scale

^dMultidimensional scale of perceived social support

^eAdapted from: Davidson JRT. Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) Manual. Unpublished. 08–19-2018, accessible at www.cd-risc.com

^fAdapted from: Jiang Q. Perceived social support scale. Chin J Behav Med Sci. 2001; 10(1): 41–43

^gAdapted from: Shen X, Jiang Q. Report on application of Chinese version of MCMQ in 701 patients. Chin J Behav Med Sci. 2009; 9(1):18–20