Table 1.

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants and Their Level of Adherence

Variables		Total Sample (N=409), n (%)	Low Adherence (n=352, 86.1%), n (%)	High Adherence (n=57, 13.9%), n (%)
Age (years)	18–34	83 (20.3)	80 (96.4)	3 (3.6)
	35–64	238 (58.2)	196 (82.4)	42 (17.6)
	≥65	88 (21.5)	76 (86.4)	12 (13.6)
Sex	Male	163 (39.9)	138 (84.7)	25 (15.3)
	Female	246 (60.1)	214 (87)	32 (13)
Residency	Urban	300 (73.3)	259 (86.3)	41 (13.7)
	Rural	109 (26.7)	93 (85.3)	16 (14.7)
Marital status	Single	41 (10)	39 (95.1)	2 (4.9)
	Married	294 (71.9)	250 (85)	44 (15)
	Divorced	16 (3.0)	16 (100)	0 (0.00)
	Widowed	58 (14.2)	47 (81)	11 (19)
Educational level	Read and write	174 (42.6)	145 (83.3)	29 (16.7)
	1st–10th grade	159 (39.3)	136 (85.5)	23 (14.5)
	>10th grade	74 (18.1)	69 (93.2)	5 (6.8)
Occupation	Employee	177 (44)	143 (91.1)	14 (8.9)
	Housewife	112 (27.4)	92 (82.1)	20 (17.9)
	Merchant	54 (13.2)	64 (86.5)	10 (13.5)
	Farmer	66 (16.1)	53 (80.3)	13 (19.7)
Access to healthcare	Free	83 (20.3)	62 (74.7)	21 (25.3)
	Insurance	173 (42.3)	151 (87.3)	22 (12.7)
	Payment	153 (37.4)	139 (90.9)	14 (9.1)
Biomass use	Yes	362 (88.5)	314 (86.3)	48 (13.7)
	No	47 (11.5)	38 (84.4)	7 (15.6)
Smoking	Smoker	51 (12.4)	46 (90.2)	5 (9.8)
	Non-smoker	358 (87.6)	306 (85.5)	52 (14.5)
Duration on ICS	<1 year	93 (22.7)	83 (89.2)	10 (10.8)
	1–5 years	180 (44)	154 (86.6)	26 (13.4)
	5–10 years	87 (21.2)	72 (82.8)	15 (17.2)
	>10 years	49 (12)	43 (87.8)	6 (12.2)
Asthma exacerbation in the past 1 year	Yes	227 (55.5)	182 (83.9)	35 (16.1)
	No	192 (44.5)	170 (88.5)	22 (11.5)
Asthma-related hospitalization in the past 1 year	Yes	136 (33.2)	116 (85.3)	20 (14.7)
	No	272 (66.8)	236 (86.8)	36 (13.2)
Level of asthma control	Uncontrolled	291 (86.1)	265 (91.6)	26 (8.9)
	Controlled	118 (13.9)	87 (73.7)	31 (26.3)