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. 2022 May 25;15:1605–1625. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S357007

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© 2022 Chai et al.

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Schematic representation of the metabolic pathways in in the events of DN and T1DM.

Abbreviations: PPRP, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate; AMP, Adenosine monophosphate; IMP, inosinic acid; XMP, xanthine nucleotide; GMP, guanosine monophosphate.