TABLE 1.
Demographic Information and Medical History
| Demographic/Clinical History | M (SD) | With Delirium | Without Delirium | t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78.25 (10.73) | 78.65 (11.01) | 77.85 (10.63) | –0.428 | 0.669 |
| Gender | n (%) | χ 2 | P | ||
| Female/male | 74/62 (54/46) | 37/31 | 37/31 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian/White | 116 (85) | 57 | 59 | 0.06 | 0.81 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 10 (7) | 5 | 5 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 5 (4) | 3 | 2 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| African American/Black | 2 (1) | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Unknown/unavailable | 3 (2) | 2 | 1 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Living situation | |||||
| Assisted/independent | 64/72 (47/53) | 19/49 | 45/23 | 18.45 | <0.001*** |
| Medical comorbidities | 126 (93) | 66 | 60 | 2.7 | 0.1 |
| Hypertension | 92 (68) | 45 | 47 | 0.03 | 0.855 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 75 (55) | 44 | 31 | 4.28 | 0.039* |
| Diabetes | 47 (35) | 23 | 24 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Chronic lung disease | 34 (25) | 16 | 18 | 0.04 | 0.843 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 34 (25) | 18 | 16 | 0.04 | 0.843 |
| Obesity | 30 (22) | 15 | 15 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Cancer | 29 (21) | 15 | 14 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 23 (17) | 11 | 12 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Liver disease | 11 (8) | 4 | 7 | 0.40 | 0.529 |
| Neurologic comorbidities | 72 (53) | 58 | 14 | 54.57 | <0.001*** |
| Dementia | 49 (36) | 44 | 5 | 46.07 | <0.001*** |
| Stroke | 25 (18) | 20 | 5 | 9.60 | 0.002** |
| Brain tumor | 5 (4) | 4 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.366 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 4 (3) | 3 | 1 | 0.26 | 0.619 |
| Seizure disorder | 3 (2) | 3 | 0 | 1.37 | 0.244 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 2 (1) | 2 | 0 | 0.51 | 0.496 |
| Psychiatric comorbidities | 74 (54) | 45 | 29 | 6.67 | 0.01* |
| Depression | 55 (40) | 32 | 23 | 1.95 | 0.162 |
| Anxiety | 30 (22) | 16 | 14 | 0.04 | 0.836 |
| Insomnia | 17 (13) | 12 | 5 | 2.42 | 0.120 |
| Opioid use disorder | 12 (9) | 9 | 3 | 2.29 | 0.131 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 8 (6) | 5 | 3 | 0.13 | 0.718 |
| Bipolar disorder | 8 (6) | 6 | 2 | 1.20 | 0.274 |
| Schizophrenia | 5 (4) | 5 | 0 | 3.32 | 0.058 |
| Other predisposing factors | |||||
| Prior delirium | 42 (31) | 33 | 9 | 17.36 | <0.001*** |
| Deliriogenic medications | 68 (50) | 44 | 24 | 10.62 | 0.001** |
| Baseline hearing impairment | 17 (13) | 11 | 6 | 1.08 | 0.300 |
| Baseline visual impairment | 7 (5) | 5 | 2 | 0.60 | 0.438 |
*
Significant at P < 0.05.
**
Significant at P < 0.01.
***
Significant at P < 0.001.