TABLE 3.
Vital Signs, Laboratory Studies, Acute Illness-related Factors, and Hospitalization Characteristics
| Vital Signs | M (SD) | With Delirium | Without Delirium | t | P | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature °F | 99.27 (1.58) | 99.39 (1.89) | 99.14 (1.17) | –0.959 | 0.340 | — |
| Temperature °C | 37.38 (0.88) | 37.45 (1.06) | 37.29 (0.65) | –1.02 | 0.309 | — |
| Heart rate | 88.35 (22.39) | 93.53 (25.69) | 83.16 (17.18) | –2.76 | 0.007** | 0.47 |
| Respiratory rate | 22.74 (9.02) | 24.12 (11.29) | 21.34 (5.66) | –1.77 | 0.080 | — |
| Blood pressure systolic | 130.71 (23.78) | 127.12 (25.91) | 134.31 (20.99) | 1.78 | 0.078 | — |
| Blood pressure diastolic | 71.89 (13.67) | 71.39 (15.98) | 72.38 (10.99) | 0.419 | 0.676 | — |
| Oxygen saturation | 92.68 (6.73) | 92.06 (8.07) | 93.31 (5.04) | 1.08 | 0.281 | — |
| Laboratory studies, measurement | ||||||
| White blood cell, /µL | 8.42 (5.02) | 8.62 (4.75) | 8.22 (5.29) | –0.459 | 0.647 | — |
| Hemoglobin, g/DL | 12.16 (2.17) | 11.93 (1.86) | 12.39 (2.43) | 1.25 | 0.212 | — |
| Hematocrit, % | 37.84 (6.25) | 37.31 (5.21) | 38.36 (7.14) | 0.981 | 0.329 | — |
| Absolute platelet, 103/µL | 214.66 (101.15) | 209.41 (96.81) | 219.91 (105.77) | 0.604 | 0.547 | — |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 136.79 (6.24) | 138.12 (6.96) | 135.46 (5.14) | –2.53 | 0.012* | 0.43 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.08 (0.61) | 4.09 (0.68) | 4.06 (0.54) | –0.339 | 0.735 | — |
| Chloride, mEq/L | 98.21 (6.36) | 99.27 (7.13) | 97.15 (5.31) | –1.94 | 0.055 | — |
| Carbon dioxide, mEq/L | 23.99 (3.79) | 24.22 (4.59) | 23.74 (2.78) | –0.733 | 0.465 | — |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 26.82 (16.53) | 28.89 (17.91) | 24.75 (14.86) | –1.47 | 0.144 | — |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.29 (1.26) | 1.31 (1.24) | 1.27 (1.29) | –0.176 | 0.861 | — |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 139.19 (64.33) | 140.89 (67.58) | 137.42 (61.27) | –0.311 | 0.756 | — |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 32.79 (37.93) | 27.22 (34.5) | 38.37 (40.59) | 1.66 | 0.099 | — |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 48.83 (58.86) | 47.06 (64.44) | 50.59 (53.15) | 0.335 | 0.738 | — |
| Lactic acid, mmol/L | 1.87 (1.22) | 2.05 (1.33) | 1.58 (0.97) | –1.75 | 0.084 | — |
| C-reactive protein, mg/DL | 9.21 (7.5) | 7.91 (6.43) | 10.28 (8.21) | 1.22 | 0.227 | — |
| Creatine phosphokinase, U/L | 221.27 (339.01) | 245.27 (399.74) | 190.53 (242.89) | –0.682 | 0.497 | — |
| Lymphocyte (absolute), 10E3/μL | 1.05 (0.71) | 1.04 (0.81) | 1.05 (0.61) | 0.112 | 0.911 | — |
| Neutrophil (absolute), 10E3/μL | 6.36 (4.28) | 6.69 (4.53) | 6.04 (4.05) | –0.825 | 0.411 | — |
| Acute illness-related factors | n (%) | With Delirium | Without Delirium | χ 2 | P | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 52 (38) | 31 | 21 | 2.52 | 0.112 | |
| Dehydration/malnutrition | 36 (26) | 23 | 13 | 3.06 | 0.080 | |
| Hypoxia, < 90% O2 | 28 (21) | 21 | 7 | 7.60 | 0.006** | |
| Acute kidney injury | 26 (19) | 17 | 9 | 2.33 | 0.127 | |
| Sepsis | 23 (17) | 19 | 4 | 10.26 | 0.001** | |
| Multiple organ dysfunction | 17 (13) | 12 | 5 | 2.42 | 0.120 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 7 (5) | 4 | 3 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Acute liver failure | 5 (4) | 2 | 3 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Hospitalization characteristics | n (%) | |||||
| Admission to critical care | 51 (38) | 30 | 21 | 0.231 | 0.631 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 30 (22) | 15 | 15 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Mortality | 57 (42) | 35 | 22 | 4.34 | 0.037* | |
*
Significant at P < 0.05.
**
Significant at P < 0.01.