Table 1.
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile (CD) among adults living near livestock farms in the Netherlands
| Risk factor | CD positive median (range min–max) (n = 30) | CD negative median (range min–max) (n = 2402) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distance in meters from patient to nearest | |||
| Farm | 486 (22–1709) | 400 (3–1546) | 0·35 |
| Pig farm | 726 (283–2127) | 689 (11–2500) | 0·28 |
| Poultry farm | 990 (125–3945) | 930 (39–4145) | 0·50 |
| Cattle farm | 504 (38–1709) | 482 (3–1566) | 0·67 |
| Horse farm | 815 (22–3385) | 760 (16–3432) | 0·41 |
| Goat farm | 2683 (460–9867) | 2494 (99–11 477) | 0·73 |
| Sheep farm | 1204 (268–3598) | 1291 (13–5047) | 0·61 |
| Number of farms | |||
| Within 500 m | 1 (0–6) | 1 (0–12) | 0·30 |
| Within 1000 m | 7 (0–24) | 9 (0–32) | 0·62 |
| Number of farm animals within 1000 m | |||
| Pigs | 2867 (0–21 280) | 2652 (0–65 059) | 0·64 |
| Chickens | 218 (0–497 295) | 1052 (0–911 052) | 0·25 |
| Cows | 419 (0–3944) | 564 (0–6804) | 0·50 |
| Horses | 34 (0–436) | 28 (0–708) | 0·68 |
| Goats | 0 (0–1659) | 0 (0–5015) | 0·27 |
| Sheep | 7 (0–450) | 10 (0–1410) | 0·71 |
a
Mann–Whitney U-test.
b
Hospitalized in the Netherlands and/or abroad.
c
For 415 persons data on antibiotics and comorbidity was missing.
d
Included cerebrovascular disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, liver disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal disease, auto-immune disease, neurological comorbidity, diabetes, and malignancy.
e
Dog, cat, bird, rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, mouse, rat, fish, turtle.